Kana izvo zvakasiyana mhando dze ecosystems uye hunhu hwayo hukuru hunoreva izwi iri ecological niche. Iyo ipfungwa inoshandiswa mumunda weecology uye iyo inoshanda kutsanangura imwe nzira iyo mhuka dzinoshandisa kuti zvirarame mune ecosystem.
Mune ino chinyorwa isu tichaudza iwe zvese zvaunoda kuti uzive nezve ecological niche uye kukosha kwayo kwekusimudzira mhuka nezvirimwa.
Chii chinonzi ecological niche
Kana isu tisingataure kune zvakasikwa nharaunda, kune akawanda mafungidziro ane akasiyana nuances ayo akaoma kusiyanisa evagari vanoongorora nharaunda. Nekudaro, zvirokwazvo kana zvasvika pakutsanangura aya mazano, anogona kuzviziva asi pasina iri zita chairo. Kazhinji kugara kwenzvimbo iri iyo nzvimbo inowanikwa muviri, makemikari uye nharaunda mamiriro panogara dzimwe mhuka nezvirimwa. Iyi pekugara inzvimbo iyo kwavanogona kusimudzira hupenyu hwavo uye kuita kwavo kwomuviri maitiro.
Kana tichitaura nezve niche yezvinhu zvipenyu, hatisi kureva nzira yekurarama inoshandiswa neimwe mhando mukati me nzvimbo yekugara yekupa chikafu, kukwikwidzana nedzimwe mhando dzechikafu nenharaunda, kudzivirira kurwiswa, kuvanda, kubereka, etc. Mune mamwe mazwi, isu tinogona kutaura kuti iyo ecological niche zano rinoshandiswa nevanhu vapenyu kuti vakwanise kurarama pasi pemamwe mamiriro ezvemamiriro ekunze uye muhupo hwedzimwe mhuka.
Mhando dzedunhu niche
Ruzhinji rwemhuka dzinotora mukana wenzvimbo iyi kuti ikwanise kugadzira dzimwe tsika dzinovabatsira kubudirira zvirinani. Iyo niche yezvakatipoteredza inoita zano rakanakisa rekugona kutsvaga chikafu uye chengetedzo inodiwa kuti ugone kuvandudza uye kubereka. Imwe neimwe mhando ine yayo yega ecological niche uye kune akati wandei akasiyana marudzi. Ivo vakapfupikiswa mumhando mbiri huru dzezvinhu zvakasikwa:
- Yakakosha kana inogona: mune ino kesi, iyo ecological niche inongotarisa iwo mamiriro epanyama uye ezvakatipoteredza pasi payo painofanira kupatsanura mhando. Mune mamwe mazwi, tiri kutaura nezvenharaunda inogara marudzi ezvisikwa zvipenyu uye mumamiriro ezvinhu avanofanira kuchinjika kuti vararame. Mamiriro ezvinhu ezvakatipoteredza senge tembiricha, kunaya kwemvura, huwandu hwemwenje yezuva, geology yenzvimbo, nzvimbo dzekuvanda, kuvapo kwezvikara uye mhuka, nezvimwe.
- Cash kana chaiko: iyi mhando yeecological niche ndiyo inofungisisa mamiriro ezvinhu ayo imwe mhando inofanirwa kurarama pamberi pevamwe. Pano ndipo panowongororwa hukama hwese pakati pezvikara nemhuka.
Hukama pakati pezvakatipoteredza niche uye pekugara
Pakutanga kwechinyorwa isu takatsanangura kutsanangurwa kwenzvimbo yekugara sezvo iine hukama hwakakura necological niche yemhando. Isu tinoziva kuti iyo pekugara ndiyo nharaunda nharaunda iyo inovaka iyo ecological niches yemarudzi anogara mairi. Ndicho chikonzero nei tichigona kutaura kuti pekugara uye nharaunda yezvakatipoteredza zvakabatana zvakanyanya neecosystem yechisikwa.
Isu tinotsanangura zvakajairika ecosystem biology system iyo inoumbwa nenharaunda yezvipenyu. Ndizvo nharaunda yezvinhu zvipenyu zvine hukama nemamiriro avo epanyama anozivikanwa se biocenosis. Hukama hwese hwezvinhu zvipenyu nemhoteredzo yazvo inozivikanwa se biotope. Mukati meipi neipi nharaunda, zvisikwa zvakasiyana zvinogona kugara pamwe neceches dzakasiyana siyana. Izvi zvinodaro nekuti niche yezvakatipoteredza ibasa rinoitwa nevanhu vakasiyana siyana vechisikwa mune yega ecosystem.
Kuti tipe mienzaniso tinogona kutaura mashandiro anoita zvimwe zvipenyu mune zvakasikwa. Semuenzaniso, kune mhuka dzine nharaunda yezvakatipoteredza iri pollination, vamwe vanokanganisa, vamwe vanoora, zvikara, mhuka, nezvimwe. Mhando yega yega ine basa rayo mukati meiyo ecosystem uye pamwe chete vanozadzisa izvo zvinozivikanwa sekuenzana kwezvakatipoteredza. Uku kuenzana kwezvakatipoteredza ndizvo zvinobvumidza hupenyu kukura sekuziva kwedu. Iyo zvakare ndiyo iyo inobvumidza kuvepo kweiyo trophic cheni uye kusimudzira kweese ari maviri mhuka nemiti yemhando.
Kana zvisiri zveavo mhuka dzinodya dzimwe, mhuka dzinogona kudyiwa dzinogona kukura muhuwandu hwakawanda pasina muganho. Aya ndiwo marongero anoita zvikara vanhu uyezve, huwandu hwezvirimwa izvo zvinodyiwa neizvo zvakapambwa izvi. Nekudaro mabviro emaketani trophic. zvirimwa zviri chekutanga chinongedzo mune chikafu cheni sezvo ivo vachingoda chete mvura uye simba rezuva kuti vabudirire. Mhuka dzinodyiwa zvipuka ndidzo dzinodya zvirimwa izvi uye dzinodya nyama idzo dzinodya idzi dzinodya mhuka dzinodyiwa nesora. Pasina dzinodya nyama dzinodya dzimwe mhuka, mhuka dzinodya mhuka dzinouraya mhuka dzinogona kuuraya zvirimwa zvese zviripo nekutyora muyero wecheni yechikafu.
Nenzira iyi rubatsiro rwevanodya nyama vanongodzora huwandu hwevanhu vanogara muzvirimwa uye izvi, zvekare, ndidzo dzinodzora huwandu hwevanodya nyama. Nekudaro, chimwe chinhu chinogona kuitika mune imwecheteyo ecosystem ndechekuti kune marudzi ane akafanana akafanana ecological niches. Izvi zvinogadzira izvo zvinozivikanwa semakwikwi emukati.
Mienzaniso
Tichapa mimwe mienzaniso yenzvimbo dzekugara uye niche yezvakatipoteredza yemamwe marudzi.
- Nzvimbo dzinogara twiza masango ehuswa, masango nemapani akazaruka. Niche yayo yezvakatipoteredza ndeyekudya pamashizha aripo mumiti uye kugarisana nemamwe marudzi. Twiza dzinorwa chete kana chikafu chiri kushomeka.
- Kangaroo ane nzvimbo yaanogara mumapani nemapani. Iyo niche yezvakatipoteredza ine herbivorous uye inodya huswa nemidzi.
- Anaconda yegirini ine nzvimbo yayo mumasango anopisa uye niche yayo yezvakatipoteredza inodya mhuka dzinodya dzimwe mhuka. Iyo inokwanisa kudyisa pane dzimwe mhuka kana zvirimwa. Vanowanzo gara pasi munzvimbo dzine mafashama uye, nekudaro, vane makwikwi akanangana nemakarwe nemakwena. Makwikwi aya ndeekuti vese vane nzvimbo imwechete yekugara uye mhuka imwechete.
- Iyo honye ine nzvimbo dzekugara dzakasununguka ivhu revhu rine ivhu uye jecha kugadzirwa. Iyo niche yezvakatipoteredza iri kuve yekuora uye ichipa zvirinani kune iyo nyika. Shiri, mhuka dzinokambaira uye zvinokambaira zvinoshanda sechikafu, saka zvakare chikamu checheni chekudya.
Ndinovimba kuti neruzivo urwu unogona kudzidza zvakawanda nezve ecological niche.