Bismuth inoonekwa seimwe yesimbi dzakawanda kwazvo mugoko repasi, chinhu chiri muboka 15 reperiodic tafura, ine kemikari chiratidzo Bi, nhamba yeatomu 83 uye nhamba yeatomu yehukuru 208.9804 mayunitsi. Nekuda kweruvara rwechinhu ichi, izwi rekuti bismuth rinobva pashoko rechiGerman rekuti "bisemutum", zvinoreva "white matter". The bismuth properties Iwo akasiyana uye ane akasiyana mashandisirwo akakodzera kuziva.
Naizvozvo, isu tichakumikidza chinyorwa ichi kuti tikuudze ese maitiro, nhoroondo, mavambo uye zvimiro zvebismuth.
Dzimwe nhoroondo
Inoumba 0,00002% yepasi pevhu, isingawanzoitiki uye yakafanana zvikuru nesirivha. Inogona kuvapo mumamineral formations mu pure metallic state. Iyo ine nzvimbo yekunyunguduka inosvika 271 °C, density ye9800 kg/m³, uye nzvimbo yekuvira inosvika 1560 °C.
Iyo element yakambovhiringwa nemutobvu netin nekuti ivo vakagovana zvimwe zvakafanana zvivakwa, asi chemist vanga vachiedza kuratidza mutsauko wavo.
Yakanga iri imwe yematare gumi ekutanga kuwanikwa, uye kuwanikwa kwayo hakuna kunzi kune chero munhu upi zvake, sezvo yave ichizivikanwa kubva kare. Nekuda kwekufanana kwayo, chinhu ichi chakatanga kuvhiringwa nemutobvu nemarata. Pahwaro hwekunyatsotarisisa kwehunhu hwesimbi iyi, muongorori Georgius Agricola, kunyanya muna 1546, akacherechedza bismuth sesimbi yakasiyana mumhuri yesimbi ine tini nemutobvu.
Muzera re alchemy, vamwe vacheri vaidaidza bismuth "tectum argenti," zvichireva kuti "sirivha mukugadzira," zvichireva sirivha yaizowanikwa mukati mePasi pakuumbwa kwayo.
Muna 1738, vatsvakurudzi vanoda Carl Wilhelm Scheele, Johann Heinrich Pott, naTorbern Olof Bergman vakanyatsosiyanisa bismuth nemutobvu.; asi hazvina kusvika muna 1753 apo Claude François Geoffrey akaratidza kuti bismuth yesimbi yakanga yakasiyana zvikuru netin nemutobvu.
MaIncas akashandisawo chinhu ichi netini nemhangura, kwavakagadzira alloy yebhuronzi kugadzira mapanga.
bismuth properties
Ikristaro yegreyish-white, inopenya, yakaoma uye ine brittle. Bismuth inokura sezvainosimba uye zvakakosha kuziva kuti mashoma masimbi anoita izvi. Zvakare, iyi simbi ine yakaderera thermal conductivity ichienzaniswa chero imwe simbi kunze kwemercury.
Bismuth iinert kana yakafumurwa kumhepo yakaoma pane tembiricha yekamuri, asi oxidizes zvishoma kana yakafumurwa nehunyoro. Zvakare, kana yakafumurwa kune tembiricha iri pamusoro pekunyungudika kwayo, inokurumidza kuumba oxide layer, iyo inopisa kune yero oxide kana yatsvuka.
Iyi simbi inogona kusanganiswa zvakananga nehalogens, sulfur, tellurium, uye selenium, asi kwete nephosphorus uye nitrogen. Mvura ine carbonated pa tembiricha yakajairika haizoirwisa, asi mhute yemvura ichaita zvishoma nezvishoma oxidize iyo tsvuku.
Kazhinji, dzinenge dzese mafomu ayo emukomboni ane trivalent, asi mune dzimwe nguva inogona kuve monovalent kana pentavalent. Zvakakosha kucherechedza kuti sodium bismuth uye bismuth pentafluoride yakakosha zvikuru Bi(V) makomisheni nekuti yekutanga ine simba kwazvo oxidizing agent, nepo yekupedzisira iri inobatsira zvikuru fluorinating agent yeorganic compounds.
Zvinhu zvebismuth munyaya dzemweya
Bismuth matombo anozivikanwa nekugona kwavo kubatsira kumisa Kundalini simba, uye matombo aya anoshandura simba mukorona chakra, achiidzosera kumudzi chakra.
Kana yaiswa pakorona chakra, inobatsira kuona zvirinani kutonga, ruzivo rwakawanda, uye kufanoona.
- Unogona kubatanidza nhengo dzeboka zvine hushamwari.
- Vane zvinobatsira zvikuru uye zvinokurudzira kuporesa zvinhu zvemuviri.
- Vanobatsira zvikuru mukubatsira kujairana nematombo anozunguzika akakwirira.
- Inobatsira kugadzira kubatana kwakadzama kupfungwa dzepasirese uye zvinhu zvese.
- Vanokubatsira kugadzirisa kana iwe uchinzwa uri wega, wakasununguka kubva kwauri kana kubva kune vamwe.
- Inokwezva mavibes akanaka kana zvasvika kune mari.
- Mukubheja uye kubhejera kunounza rombo rakanaka.
- Inogona kubatsira vanhu kuti vafunge zvinovaka uye pfungwa dzechinyakare.
Use
- Bismuth inoshandiswa muindasitiri yemishonga, inova indasitiri inoda zvakanyanya kushandiswa kwechinhu ichi, pakugadzira antidiarrheals uye zvigadzirwa zvemakemikari ekurapa ziso uye hutachiona hwehutachiona, allergies, flatulence, syphilis, furuwenza, nezvimwe.
- Iyo indasitiri yeindasitiri inoshandisawo bismuth kugadzira mavara ekuzora akadai mishonga yebvudzi, mbambo dzezvipikiri uye mimvuri yemaziso.
- Muindasitiri yemetallurgical, chinhu ichi chinobatsira pakugadzira alloys ane yakaderera kunyungudika mapoinzi, ayo anoshandiswa semidziyo yekudzvinyirira mumasisitimu ekuchengetedza uye ma detectors emoto.
- Bismuth inzvimbo yakanaka yekutsiva lead, ine muchetura, uye nekuda kwehudhumeni hwayo hwepedyo, inoshandiswa kugadzira maballast, ballistic projectiles, nezvimwe.
- Bismuth inoshandiswa se latex shield coating uye, nekuda kwehuremu hwayo hweatomu uye huremu hwepamusoro, sedziviriro kubva kuX-rays mune mamwe maedzo ekuongorora ekurapa senge tomography.
- Kune mota dzine thermocouple masisitimu ekutakura mafuta emagetsi enyukireya U-235 uye U-233, uye bismuth inoshandiswawo mune idzi masisitimu.
- Alloy ye bismuth uye manganese inoburitsa bisphenols, ayo anoshandiswa kugadzira magineti ane simba asingaperi.
- Bismuth oxychloride inoshandiswa mukugadzira maparera ekugadzira.
- Kana X-rays yegadziriro yekudya ichidikanwa, bismuth nitrate inopihwa kuvarwere nenzira yekumisa nekuti iyo inoumbwa haina kujeka kune X-rays.
Kubva uye kuumbwa
bismuth kazhinji inowanikwa mu dendritic clumps uye zvakare mu hydrothermal veins tembiricha yepamusoro kana pegmatite deposits. Inowanzoita granular kana scaly, asiwo fibrous kana tsono-yakafanana.
China inoonekwa seyakakura pasi rose inogadzira bismuth ine 7.200 metric tons chaizvo, kasere kupfuura vagadziri vese vakasanganiswa, ndeaya: Mexico 825 metric tons, Russia 40 metric tons, Canada 35 metric tons, uye Bolivia 10 metric tons. Saizvozvowo, zvakataurwa kuti madhipoziti makuru uye akawandisa ebismuth anowanikwa muSouth America.
Dzimwe nzvimbo dzinogona kuwanikwa bismuth ndeidzi: Germany, United States, Spain, United Kingdom neAustralia.
Ndinovimba kuti neruzivo urwu unogona kudzidza zvakawanda nezve zvivakwa zve bismuth uye maitiro ayo.