Miti ndiyo vagari vekare vepanyika. Ivo vane basa rekuburitsa okisijeni uye kushandura kabhoni dhaikisaidhi (CO2), nokudaro kuderedza greenhouse effect mumhepo. The Zuva reMiti inotiyeuchidza nezvekukosha kwekuchengetedza nzvimbo dzesango kuti tive nechokwadi chekuvapo kwehupenyu hunopfuurira pasi redu.
Naizvozvo, isu tichakumikidza chinyorwa ichi kuti tikuudze zvese zvaunoda kuziva nezve Arbor Day uye kukosha kwayo.
Sei kune Zuva reArbor?
Isu tinofanirwa kusiyanisa Zuva reArbor (Chikumi 28) kubva kuInternational Day of Forests musi waKurume 21. Rimwe zuva rine chokuita zvikuru nokusimbisa ukoshi hwemiti nemasango, nedonzo rokuita kuti vanhu vazive kudikanwa kwokudzivirira nzvimbo dzesango kuti vave nechokwadi chokuti marudzi anoramba aripo.
Miti ine mabasa akawanda anotora chikamu mukutenderera kwechisikigo. Kubva pakugadzira oxygen kusvika pakuva shamwari yedu yepamoyo mukupindura dambudziko remamiriro ekunze. Ndiyo miti inova hwaro hwekupona kwezvisikwa zvinogara panyika. Ndidzo nzvimbo dzakasikwa dzakakwana, umo zviuru zvemarudzi emhuka nemiti zvinogara.
Pamusoro pezvo, miti inotibatsira kudzora kutenderera kwemvura, nokudaro kuderedza njodzi yemafashamo, uye inzvimbo yezvigadzirwa zvekugadzira mishonga nezvimwe zviwanikwa. Zvisinei, mabasa evanhu akaparadza zvinenge 78% yemasango masango epasi uye asara 22% akakanganiswa nekutema matanda. Kushatiswa kwemhoteredzo yemhoteredzo idzi hakungokanganisa zvakatipoteredza chete uye kuburitsa kabhoni dhaikisaidhi mumhepo, asi kunokanganisawo kusiyana-siyana kwedu kwezvipenyu, uye kunotoisa munjodzi zviuru zvemarudzi.
Mamiriro ezvinhu aya akakonzera kutangwa kweUnited Nations Decade for Ecosystem Restoration muna 2021, inoda kuti paitwe mubatanidzwa mukati memakore gumi anotevera kudzivirira kuparara kwechisikigo kusingadzoreki.
Kana paine Zuva reArbor, chirevo chekuti zvakafanira kumisa mamiriro ezvinhu aya, uye tinogona kushanda pamwe chete kuti tive nechokwadi chekuchengetedzwa kwezvakatipoteredza. Sweden ndiyo nyika yekutanga kupemberera zororo iri. Akazviita muna 1840 kuti azivise pamusoro pebasa rakakosha iro miti ine chekuita nekudzikisa kusvibiswa kwezvakatipoteredza, kuchengetedza ivhu uye kuwana budiriro inoenderera.
Sango rinogona kutora kabhoni dhaikisaidhi yakawanda sei
Kuti tizive kuti sango rinotora carbon dioxide yakawanda sei, tinofanira kutanga taongorora kuti inoumbwa nemiti ipi. Ongororo ichangobva kuitika yakaitwa nemumwe muongorori wepaYunivhesiti yeSeville yakaratidza kuti mupaini weAleppo mumwe wemiti inotora carbon dioxide yakawanda. Zvinofungidzirwa kuti mupaini weAleppo wakakura unogona kutora kusvika matani makumi mashanu ecarbon dioxide pagore.
Mune mamwe mazwi, mufananidzo wakakura werudzi urwu unokwanisa kutora mhepo inoburitswa nemotokari makumi matatu epakati nepakati inofamba makiromita gumi pagore. Iberian Peninsula inzvimbo yakanaka yekukura kwemiti iyi, saka sango remupaini rine mukana wakakura wekunyura kwekabhoni.
Nekuda kwehupfumi hwayo hwakasiyana-siyana, nhamba huru ye CO2 sink masango mhandara. Sango remhando dzakasimba, dzekare uye dzekuzvarwa, umo musina humbowo huri pachena hwemabasa evanhu, uye maitiro ezvakatipoteredza haana kuchinja zvakanyanya. Aya masango mhandara uye matsime ekugadzirisa mamiriro ekunze akaderedzwa nekuda kwekupindira kwevanhu.
Arbor Day yekukudza vanobatana vachipokana nekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze
Masango manomwe ekupedzisira makuru epasi ndeaya anotevera:
- Sango reAmazon
- Sango reSoutheast Asia
- Masango anonaya mvura aripakati peAfrica
- Masango anodziya eSouth America
- Masango ekutanga eNorth America neCanada
- Masango ekupedzisira eEurope ekutanga
- Masango eSiberia taiga
Kufanana negungwa, kudzivirira masango kunoreva kudzivirira nzira ine simba zvikuru yokutora nokuchengeta carbon dioxide. Kugona kwake kunoshamisa. Inofungidzirwa kuti muti unochengeta avhareji ye22 kg yecarbon dioxide pagore. Sango rinogara richinaya rinochengeta matani ane mabhiriyoni 250 ecarbon dioxide mumiti moga, iyo yakaenzana nemakore makumi mapfumbamwe ekubudiswa kwepasi rose. Masango eEurope anozvitsaura akatenderedza 90% yeakazara greenhouse gasi emissions eEuropean Union. MuSpain, masango anogadzirisa toni yekabhoni pahekita pagore.
Nekudaro, zvidzidzo zvakati wandei zvino zvinoratidza kuti kana tikasachinja mamwe maitiro ehushamwari, iyi mano echisikigo yemiti inogona kuderedzwa. Unogona kubva pakuva mubatsiri wedu takatarisana nedambudziko remamiriro ekunze uchienda kune mumwe wevavengi vedu. Nechikonzero ichi, zvinodikanwa kuti tiwane mhinduro dzakasimba dzinotibatsira kuenzanisa kudzoreredza masango, kumisa kutemwa kwemasango uye kupedza kutema miti zvisiri pamutemo.
Zvikonzero zvekudyara miti
Miti inoita basa rakakosha mukuchengetedza nharaunda:
- Vanoburitsa okisijeni uye vanoshandura kabhoni dhaikisaidhi (CO2) kuita biomass, nokudaro kuderedza greenhouse effect.
- Ndivo vatongi ve hydrological cycle uye vanobatsira kudzivirira mafashamo.
- Vanodzivirira kukukurwa kwevhu uye vanofarira kusimukira kwekurima.
- Vanoumba nzvimbo yezvinomera, shiri, zvinoyamwisa, zvinokambaira uye amphibians.
- Munzvimbo dzesango, dzinobatsira pakuumbwa kwenzvimbo ine mwando.
- Vanobatsira kugadzirisa mamiriro ekunze uye kuderedza kukanganisa kwemamiriro ekunze, ayo anonyanya kukonzerwa nevanhu.
- Ndivo tsime rezvigadzirwa zvekugadzira mishonga, chikafu, mapepa, mafuta (huni nemarasha), fiber uye zvimwe zvinhu zvakasikwa (senge cork, resin uye rabha).
Zvimwe zvinofadza zvemiti ndezvizvi:
- Maererano nekuongorora kwechangobva kuitika (yakabudiswa ne Journal of Sustainable Forestry), kune 60,065 marudzi emiti pasi pano.
- Zvichienderana nemhando, lMiti inokura zvakakwana kana yasvika makore 40 kana 50 ezera.
- Munzvimbo dzinotonhora kana matunhu, vanosimudza makonzo neshiri.
- Kutenderera pasirese, 78% yemasango emhandara akaparadzwa nevanhu uye asara 22% akabatwa nekutema matanda.
- Chikamu che12% chemasango epasi rose akasarudzwa kuchengetedza zvipenyu zvakasiyana-siyana.
- Zvinofungidzirwa kuti sango rinoumba yakakosha kabhoni yekuchengetedza, inounganidza ingangoita 289 gigatons echinhu ichi.
- Kunze kweAntarctica neGreenland, vanotora nzvimbo yakakura yevhu, inoverengera 28,5% yepasi.
- Hafu yemasango epasi rose ari munzvimbo dzinopisa uye mamwe ari munzvimbo dzakadzikama uye dzine boreal.
Ndinovimba kuti neruzivo urwu unogona kudzidza zvakawanda nezve Arbor Day uye kukosha kwayo.