Chokwadi iwe waifanirwa kudzidza mubhayoloji imwe yematanho emagetsi eerobic cellular kufema kunoitika mumuviri wedu. Zvayo ndezve Krebs kutenderera. Iyo inozivikanwa zvakare nezita reiyo citric acid kutenderera uye iri metabolic danho rinoitika mune mitochondrial matrix emhuka maseru.
Muchikamu chino tichaenda kukuudza kuti chii hunhu uye isu ticha tsanangura iyo Krebs kutenderera nhanho nhanho uye kukosha kwayo.
Kufema kwemaseru
Tisati tatanga kutsanangura kuti chii chinonzi Krebs kutenderera, isu tinofanirwa kuyeuka kuti kufema kwemaseru kune zvikamu zvitatu. Ngatione kuti ndechipi chimwe chezvikamu:
- Glycolysis: Iyi ndiyo nzira iyo glucose inoputswa kuita zvidimbu zvidiki. Panguva iyi pyruvate kana pyruvic acid inogadzirwa inozotungamira kuAcetyl-CoA.
- Krebs kutenderera: MuKrebs kutenderera, Acetyl-CoA yakasanganiswa ku CO2.
- Kufuridzira cheni: pano simba rakawanda rinogadzirwa nekuchinjiswa kwemaerekitironi kubva kuhydrogen. Simba iri rinobva mukubviswa kwezvinhu zvinobatanidzwa mune ese matanho apfuura.
Chii chinonzi Krebs kutenderera
Isu tinoziva kuti iyi yakaoma kutenderera uye kuti ine akati wandei mabasa anobatsira maseru metabolism. Pasina kutenderera uku, maseru aigona kutadza kana kuzadzikisa mabasa akakosha Chinangwa chekupedzisira cheKrebs kutenderera ndeyekusimudzira kuparara kwemagumo zvigadzirwa zve metabolism yemakabohydrate, lipids uye mamwe maamino acids. Zvese zvinhu izvi zvinoiswa mumuviri kuburikidza nechikafu zvinoshandurwa kuita Acetyl-CoA nekuburitswa kwe CO2 neH2O uye synthesis yeATP.
Apa ndipo panogadzirwa simba rinoshandiswa nemaseru kuita mabasa avo. Pakati pezvikamu zvakasiyana zvecitric acid kutenderera tinowana akasiyana epakati anoshandiswa seanotungamira mune biosynthesis yeamino acids uye mamwe ma biomolecule. Kuburikidza neKrebs kutenderera isu tinowana simba kubva kumamorekuru ezve organic chikafu uye inoendeswa kune mamorekuru inosara kuendesa kunze simba rekushandisa mune zviitwa zvemaseru. Nesimba iri tinogona kuita edu akakosha mabasa uye epanyama zviitiko zvezuva redu zuva nezuva.
Mune iyo Krebs kutenderera kune mamwe anonyanya kusanganisa makemikari maitiro. Zvese izvi zvinoda oxygen kuti iitwe. Imwe neimwe kemikari yekuita ine kutora chikamu kwemamwe maenzyme anowanikwa mune mitochondria. Aya ma enzymes anokonzera kudzikisira maitiro. Kana tichitaura nezvekuvandudza maitiro isu tiri kutaura nezvekuwedzera kumhanya kwayo. Kune akawanda makaturiko anobatsira maitiro emakemikari anoitika nekukurumidza kupfuura zvakajairwa.
Matanho eKrebs kutenderera
Sezvatakambotaura, mukutenderera uku kune akasiyana makemikari maitiro anoda oksijeni kuti iitike. Mhedzisiro yekutanga yezvose ndeye oxidative decarboxylation ye pyruvate. Muchiitiko ichi, shuga yakawanikwa kubva mukudzikisirwa kwemhazha yemahydrate inoshandurwa kuita mamorekuru maviri epyruvic acid kana pyruvate. Glucose inoshoreka kuburikidza neGlycolysis uye inova yakakosha sosi yeAcetyl-CoA. Iyo oxidative decarboxylation ye pyruvate inotanga neiyo citric acid kutenderera. Ichi chemakemikari inoenderana nekubviswa kwekabhoni dhayokisaidhi uye pyruvate inogadzirwa muboka reacetyl inosunga kune coenzyme A. Mune ino chemakisheni maitiro, NADH inogadzirwa seyesimba-rinotakura mamorekuru.
Nekuumbwa kweiyo Acetyl-CoA molecule, iyo Krebs kutenderera inotanga mumatrice e mitochondria. Chinangwa ndechekubatanidza ketani yeasidhi oxidation kuti iwedzere macarbon uye aishandure kuita carbon dioxide. Kune ese aya maitiro emakemikari iwe unoda kuvapo kwe oxygen. Nechikonzero ichi, maseru ekufema maitiro akakosha.
Iko Krebs kutenderera kunotanga neiyo enzyme citrate synthetase iyo inosimudzira kudzora makemikari maitiro ekuchinjisa yeboka reAcetyl kune oxaloacetic acid iyo inogadzira citric acid uye kuburitswa kwecoenzyme A. Zita redenderedzwa rinoenderana nekuumbwa kweasidhi macitrus uye ese maitiro emakemikari anoitika pano.
Kuwedzera oxidation uye decarboxylation maitiro anoitika mune anotevera matanho. Aya maitiro anoita kuti ketoglutaric acid iumbe. Munguva yekuita izvi, kabhoni dhayokisaidhi inosunungurwa uye NADH neH inoumbwa.Iyi ketoglutaric acid inoitika ine oxidative decarboxylation reaction iyo inogadziriswa neiyo enzyme yakaoma iyo Acetyl CoA neNAD vari chikamu. Zvese izvi zvinoitika zvinotungamira kune succinic acid, NADH, uye GTP molecule iyo inotevera inoendesa simba rayo kune molecule yeADP inogadzira ATP.
Kubva chete pamatanho ekupedzisira tichaona kuti iyo succinic acid inogadzira fumaric acid inozivikanwa zvakare se fumarate. Coenzyme yayo ndeye ADF. Pano FADH2 iri kuzoumbwa, inova imwe simba-rinotakura mamorekuru. Chekupedzisira, fumaric acid haina kufadza kugona kuumba malic acid inozivikanwawo se "malate". Pakupedzisira muKrebs kutenderera, iyo malic acid inozo oxidize kuita oxaloacetic acid, ivo vatangazve iyo kutenderera. Zvakare maitiro ese achaitika panguva imwechete uye zvinotanga zvakare.
Kukosha
Kune mamirioni ekupokana kuziva kuti iyo Krebs kutenderera yakakosha kukosha kwekuumbwa kwemhasuru uye kushanda kwakakodzera kwemuviri. Kuti kutenderera uku kushanda nemazvo pane zvishanu zvinovaka muviri izvo muviri wedu unoda kushanda: thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, iron, uye glutamine. Aya maamino acids ayo anoshandiswa kuumba nyowani nyowani nyama. Naizvozvo, zvinodikanwa kuti uzive mashandiro anoita denderedzwa iri kuti usimbise hutano hwakanaka kuitira kuti uwedzere mashandiro uye mhasuru.
Izvo zvinobatsirawo kuziva iyo Krebs kutenderera kuti udzivise hosha dzakawanda nekuda kwesimba kana kushomeka kwehutano mumuviri wedu. Sezvauri kuona, ese aya maitiro emakemikari anoitika panguva imwe chete mumuviri kuona kushanda kwakakodzera.
Ndinovimba kuti neruzivo urwu unogona kudzidza zvakawanda nezve iyo Krebs kutenderera uye kukosha kwayo.