Zvishandiso zvinogona kuiswa muzvikamu Insulating zvinhu kana kuti maconductor, zvichienderana nekuti anofambisa magetsi zviri nyore here. Kupatsanurwa uku kunoenderana nekuti maerekitironi ari pedyo zvakadii pachimiro chawo, sezvo ichi chiri chiratidzo chesimba rinodiwa kuti afambe (kureva kuitisa magetsi) mukati mechinhu. Musiyano uyu unobatsira kusvika padanho. Semuyenzaniso, fused silica insulator 10 trillion yakapetwa hombe kupfuura mhangura, saka maviri acho anowanzo kunzi akanakisa insulators uye conductor, zvichiteerana. Simbi uye mvura isina kucheneswa zvinoonekwa semakondukita akanaka, nepo mapurasitiki negirazi zvinodzivirira zvakanaka.
Muchikamu chino tinokuudza zvese zvaunoda kuziva nezve insulating zvinhu, maitiro avo uye kubatsira.
Mhando huru
Mvura yakachena ine makemikari chinhu chinodzivirira. Muzvisikwa, zvisinei, iripo mumhinduro dzezvimwe zvinhu zvine maion muchimiro chazvo zvine mwero madhigirii ekusununguka kwekufamba. Muchiitiko ichi, mhinduro idzi dzakanaka kwazvo magetsi emagetsi.
Matanho ekudzivirira tsaona dzinokonzerwa ne electrostatic buildup anosanganisira kuwedzera kwepamusoro conductivity nekuwedzera humidity. Nguva zhinji, humidification masisitimu akaisirwa chinangwa ichi uye akabatanidzwa mumhepo inofefetera zvikamu. Mhepo yakanyorova inoitisa magetsi uye inodzivirira kuchaja pamusoro.
Kusiyana nekutenda kwakakurumbira, thermal insulators haisi iyo yakanyatsopesana neyekupisa conductor. Ichokwadi kuti thermal conductors ane kushomeka kushomeka kwekutamisa kupisa, asi zvinogona kutaurwa kuti zvinhu zvese (kunyangwe zviri zvishoma) Iwo ma conductor anopisa. kusanganisira thermal insulation.
Kutaura zvazviri, chinenge chinhu chipi nechipi kana chinhu chinopisa chinopisa. Musiyano ndewekuti kumwe kuramba kwakareba kusati kwaitika shanduko yekushisa iyi. Izvi zvinobvumira zvimwe zvinhu kuti zvishandiswe se insulation. Izvo zvinhu zvine zvakakwana kupisa kupisa kwekushandisa kwavo kwavanoda. Naizvozvo, imwe yeakanakisa thermal insulators ndeye vacuum pachayo, sezvo pasina chokupisa.
Thermal insulation inogona kushandiswa kune zvisingaverengeki zvinangwa, sekuvhara makabati endege kana kusimbisa nzvimbo dzakapoteredzwa nekupisa kwakanyanya. Zvimwe zvezvakananga insulating zvinhu zvine pamutemo zviri pamutemo ndizvo yakawedzera polystyrene, mineral wool (rock wool), kapok board, extruded polystyrene, polyurethane foam kana kuti yakawedzerwa cork.
Properties of insulating materials
Kunyange zviri pachena kuti kuita kwemidziyo yekudzivirira kunoshanduka zuva rega rega, pane "standard catalogue" iyo munhu wese anofanirwa kuziva nezvayo, zvichipihwa nyore kuwana uye kubatsira kwemapurojekiti ekudzorera simba. Kunzwisisa kugona kwayo uye kuti inoshanda sei zvinoda zvinhu zvitatu: thermal conductivity, thermal resistance uye thermal transmittance.
Zvinoenderana nemaitiro ekugadzira, zvinhu zvacho zvinosiyaniswa uye zvakarongeka mu:
- Zvinhu zvekugadzira organic mavambo: Semuyenzaniso, zvinhu zvese zvakatorwa kubva mumidziyo yakaita se petroleum. Anowanikwa mumapurasitiki.
- Zvinhu zve inorganic mavambo: zvinhu izvi hazvina kutorwa kubva kumiti kana masero emhuka, uye haana hukama nekabhoni domain (semuenzaniso, magumbeze emvere dzegirazi).
- Zvishandiso zve organic natural mavambo: zvinhu zvakatorwa kubva kumhuka kana yemiriwo makomisheni (semuenzaniso, hemp fibers)
Mienzaniso yezvinhu zvinodzivirira
Ngationei kuti ndeipi mienzaniso inonyanya kuzivikanwa yezvinhu zvekuisa insulating:
- Wood: Conductive nekuda kwekuvapo kwemunyu uye unyoro. Inowanzoshandiswa kune zvakasiyana-siyana zvivako uye tsvimbo.
- Silicate: Insulating zvinhu, zvakanyanya kuwanikwa mune insulators. Inogona kuva aluminium silicate (mune hard porcelain) kana magnesium silicate (mu talc kana forsterite). Muchiitiko chekutanga itsigiro yakanaka yekudziya conductor.
- Akawedzera ivhu. Iyo inogadzirwa nevhu remusikirwo uye inoshandiswa semuunganidzwa wedhaka uye kongiri, inovandudza iyo insulating simba yeakasiyana ekuvaka zvikamu.
- Oxide ceramics. Ye spark plug insulation, kana yekushandiswa pane tembiricha yakanyanya.
- Girazi. Ipfupi uye yepakati voltage insulation, hapana kunyudza hunyoro asi nyore kupwanya.
- Cork: Kurema kwakaderera uye kuderera kwehuwandu hwezvinhu, iyo inobvumira kuisa mitsara yakawanda, kuwedzera kushanda kwekork. Iyo zvakare insulator isingapindi mvura.
- Eraser. Iko kuchinjika kwerabha kunoipa simba rayo, sezvo ichikwanisa kushingirira kukanganiswa kwakawanda pasina kutyora uye kudzokera kuchimiro chayo chepakutanga. Foam rabha zvakare chinhu chinodzivirira uye chinogona kushandiswa sechinhu chinodzivirira ruzha.
- Ceramics. Iyo yakanaka insulator ine yakaderera kunyorova kunyura uye yakakwirira simba rekudzivirira. Inowanzoshandiswa mumagetsi emagetsi.
- Aluminium oxide. Kune zvikamu zvekudzivirira moto uye spark plug insulation.
- Plastiki. Ndiyo imwe yeakanakisa insulators nekuti kuomarara kwayo kwechidimbu mabhondi kunoita kuti zvisaite kuti maerekitironi asununguke.
Thermal insulation
Kutanga, tinowana synthetic insulators. Izvi zvinoshanda zvakanyanya RTD zvinhu pamitengo yakaderera. Kana izvi zvigadzirwa zvekugadzira zvakasanganiswa nemamwe marudzi ezvigadzirwa, zvinogona zvakare kushandiswa seacoustic insulation.
Iyo inonyanya kuzivikanwa synthetic insulating zvinhu ndeye:
- reflective roll Iwo anouya mune imwe kana akawanda rolls uye ane polyethylene bubbles uye foil layers. Ukobvu hwayo hunogona kusiyana zvichienderana nemamiriro ekunze ayo ichavakwa. Izvo zvinoratidzira thermal insulators. Zvinoshandiswa zvakanyanya apo mamiriro ekunze ari pakati nepakati uye akafanana.
- Yakawedzerwa Polystyrene (EPS). Icho chinhu chinopa kunaka kwekushisa kwekushisa kusina kuwanda kwakawanda, ndiko kuti, zvinhu zvishoma zvinodiwa. Kushandiswa kwaro pasi hakukurudzirwi, saka zvinokurudzirwa kuti uiise pamadziro ekuparadzanisa kana kuzadza mapeji pakati pavo.
- Yakawedzerwa polystyrene (XPS). Ndicho chinhu chinonyanya kushandiswa kuparadzanisa kupisa kwemba. Material yakafanana neyakapfuura, asi inopesana nekunyorova uye huremu hwakawanda pasina kukanganisa. Mukuwedzera, inoumbwa nemashizha matete anotora nzvimbo shoma shoma.
- Polyurethane. Imwe yeanonyanya kushandiswa yekupisa yekupisa zvinhu, iyo inonyanya kukosha, inozivikanwa. Inogona kushandiswa nenzira yefuro kana nenzira yemapuranga akaoma. Iine yakanaka thermal conductivity. Kushandiswa kwaro kwakajairika mukati memadziro emukati uye denga renhema, kana setsika foam mumakamuri emhepo kana kuputika kunoda kuzadzwa. Chinhu chikuru chechidimbu chechinhu ichi ndechekubudiswa kwezvinhu zvisingagadziriswi uye naizvozvo kuchengetedzwa kwemoto kwakaderera.
Ndinovimba kuti neruzivo urwu unogona kudzidza zvakawanda nezve akasiyana insulating zvinhu zviripo uye kuti ndeapi maitiro.