Tichifunga nezvekusiyana-siyana kwemotokari nemafuta adzo, pagara paine kupokana Chii chinonyanya kusvibisa dhiziri kana peturu?. Zvagara zvichinzi dhiziri ndiro ranyanya kusvibisa, kunyange hazvo zvisiri pachena kuti ingano here kana kuti ichokwadi.
Nechikonzero ichi, tichakumikidza chinyorwa ichi kuti tikuudze izvo zvinosvibisa zvakanyanya, dhiziri kana peturu.
Nei motokari dzichisvibisa?
Panyaya yezvakakwana kana stoichiometric combustion, ndiko kuti, kana huwandu hwemhepo nemafuta (hydrocarbons) hunoita zvachose, pasina kuwanda kana kushomeka kweimwe kana imwe, zvigadzirwa zvekupisa uku imhute yemvura (H2O), nitrogen (N2) uye carbon dioxide (CO2).
Zvino, pamagasi matatu, nitrogen ndiyo yega isingakonzeri matambudziko. Iyo gasi isingabatanidzi mukupisa, iripo chete nekuti ndiyo huru yemhepo yatinofema uye saka inobatwa neinjini. Kana iri mhute yemvura, inogona kuratidza seutsi chena pamazuva anotonhora, kana kunyange sedonhwe diki remvura mukupopota kwako, uye zvakare iri greenhouse gasi (kupesana nekutenda kwakakurumbira). Zvisinei, kuvapo kwayo kunonyanya kukuvadza uye kunetseka kupfuura carbon dioxide, kubvira huwandu hwemhute hwemvura papasi redu hunoramba hwakafanana nguva dzese, uye zvinhu zvinorema zvinogona kukurumidza kubvisa mhute yemvura yakawandisa, mvura kana sinou.
Chii chinosvibisa zvimwe, dhiziri kana peturu?
Diesel nepeturu, iwo mafuta anoshandiswa kufambisa mota nemichina, ane simba guru kune nharaunda nekuda kwekubuda kwegasi kwavanoburitsa, kumwe kusvibisa kupfuura kumwe. Nekudaro, akawanda uye akawedzera hushamwari matekinoroji ari kugadzirwa, semuenzaniso muindasitiri yemotokari iri kubheja paplug-in hybrid uye mota dzemagetsi kuderedza kuburitswa kwemagasi anosvibisa.
Zvakatinetsa kutaura kuti chii chinosvibisa mota dzedhiziri kana peturu nekuti imwe neimwe inosvibisa zvakasiyana. Semuenzaniso, kana tikaenzanisa mota mbiri dzine hunhu hwakafanana, nemusiyano chete uri wekuti imwe imota yedhiziri uye imwe mota yepeturu, tinoona kuti mota yedhiziri inoburitsa magiramu mashoma ecarbon dioxide pakiromita yaunofamba, asi inoburitsa zvishoma Kune zvinhu zvinokuvadza zvakanyanya kupfuura mota dzedhiziri. Imwe peturu.
Zvisinei, Nekuuya kwematekinoroji matsva ekusefa einjini dzedhiziri, musiyano uyu wakadzikiswa. Zvese nekuda kweiyo itsva Euro 6 regulation, iyo inoita kuti kuburitswa kwezvimwe zvinosvibisa dhiziri zvifanane neiyo yeEuro 4 peturu regulation.
Saka zvinogona kutaurwa kuti mota dzemazuva ano peturu nedhiziri dzinosvibisa zvakafanana, asi neimwe nzira, nekuti mota dzedhiziri dzinoburitsa CO2 shoma pane mota dzepeturu, asi dzinoramba dzichiburitsa zvimwe zvinosvibisa, kunyangwe zvisiri nemusiyano wakawanda semakore apfuura. .
Ndezvipi zvinosvibisa izvo injini dzedhiziri nepeturu dzinoburitsa?
Takatotaura kuti CO2 ndeimwe yezvinosvibisa zvikuru zvinobudiswa panguva yekupisa mumajini anoshandisa mafuta aya, saka ndeapi magasi anosvibisa anobudiswa nedhiziri uye peturu injini?
Kusvibisa magasi kubva kumotokari dzedhiziri:
- senitrogen
- kabhoni diamoni
- mvura
- okisijeni
- sulfur dioxide
- chin'ai
- hydrocarbon
- Nitric oxide
- kabhoni monoxide
Kusvibisa magasi kubva kumotokari dzepeturu:
- senitrogen
- kabhoni diamoni
- mvura
- hydrocarbon
- Nitric oxide
- kabhoni monoxide
Motokari dzepeturu dzine kusvibiswa kwakadini?
Kana tasvika pakusvibiswa kwemotokari dzinoshandiswa nepeturu, tinogona kutaura kuti musiyano mukuru uripo pakati peinjini dzedhiziri nepeturu inzira inosanganiswa nayo mafuta nemhepo uye kuti inopiswa sei. Vanoshanda zvakasiyana, asi hapana ari nani pane imwe.
Saka peturu inokanganisa sei zvakatipoteredza? Izvi zvinoita kuti magasi e<em>greenhouse, akadai se<em>carbon dioxide, abudiswe mumhepo. Parita yega yega peturu inopedzwa. 2,32 makirogiramu ecarbon dioxide anoburitswa mushure mekufamba makiromita gumi nematatu.
Motokari dzedhiziri dzinosvibisa zvakadii?
Nenyaya dzeinjini yepeturu dzakati jeke, tave kujekesa mibvunzo mishoma ine chekuita nedhiziri. Diziri rinokanganisa sei zvakatipoteredza? Rita rimwe redhiziri rinosvibisa zvakadii?
Mhinduro ndeyekuti mafuta egasi kana dhiziri anogona kukanganisa nharaunda pamwero wakada kufanana nepeturu. Pamusoro peCO2, dhiziri inoburitsawo mamwe magasi uye zvidimbu zvinokuvadza kune zvakatipoteredza, seSO2, NOx uye soot. Diesel inoburitsa 2,6 kilograms yecarbon dioxide parita imwe yemakiromita gumi nematanhatu.
Devices kuderedza kusvibiswa
Kudzikisa kusvibiswa kubva mukuburitswa kwemotokari, indasitiri yemotokari inoshandisa michina yakasiyana:
- AdBlue: Icho chiwedzero chakavakirwa zvakanyanya paurea inobaiwa mumagasi emhepo isati yasvika magasi aya. Urea ine ammonia, uye nekuda kweizvi uye tembiricha yepamusoro yecatalyst, kana NOx inobata, N2, CO2 uye mhute yemvura inogadzirwa.
- Catalyst: Chinangwa chechikamu ichi ndechekudzikisa izvo zvinokuvadza zvinobuda kuburikidza necatalytic (redox) maitiro.
- NOx accumulators - Catalysts: Sezvinoratidzwa nezita racho, iwo maNOx ekuchengetedza ma catalyst anochengeta NOx kusvika agadzirwa patsva obva abviswa. Zvaiita sezviri kuzadzisa nzira nhatu-catalysis.
- Particulate sefa: Inoshandiswa kuchengetedza soot particles inogadzirwa panguva yekupisa dizeli uye wobva waabvisa neoxidation.
- EGR Gasi Recirculation: Ichi chikwata chinokwanisa kuderedza NOx emissions neanenge 50% nekudzokorodza magasi emhepo kune yakawanda yekudyara kana injini iri kushanda pane zvishoma uye tembiricha yekushandisa.
Zviri pachena kuti mamwe mafuta ezvicherwa anosvibisa zvakakomba mhoteredzo, angave anotorwa kana kupiswa. Zvakadaro, oiri nezvinobuda pairi ndezvimwe zvezvigadzirwa zvine mukurumbira nekuti zvakatipa kufambira mberi kukuru mune zvemichina, zvekufambisa, nezvimwe zvakawanda, uye zvinoburitsa mwero wakanyanya wekusvibiswa. Sezvatakambotaura, zvose peturu nemafuta egasi kana dhiziri zvinhu zvinobva mupetroleum, zvose zvinosvibisa zvakatipoteredza, uye zvose zvinokuvadza zvakaenzana.
Naizvozvo, zvinodikanwa kushandisa rudzi urwu rwemotokari zvine mwero uye kusarudza kutakura veruzhinji kana mota dzemagetsi, kana angangoita mahybrids.
Ndinovimba kuti neruzivo urwu unogona kudzidza zvakawanda pamusoro pezvinosvibisa dizeli kana peturu.