Ayan jinsunan da suka zama masu mamayewa a cikin kwasa-kwasan ruwa da kuma yanayin ruwan gishiri shine zebra mussel. Sunan da ya saba da shi ya fito ne daga launi na harsashi wanda yayi kama da na takardar shaidar. Yana da launin ruwan kasa mai haske wanda ya ratsa ta ratsi zig zag mai duhu. Wannan bivalve ya zama ɗayan nau'ikan halittu masu lalata abubuwa a cikin yankuna daban-daban kuma yana haifar da wasu lalacewa kamar yadda zamu gani a ƙasa.
A cikin wannan labarin zamu gaya muku duk halayen halaye masu haɗari na zebra mussel.
Tarihi a matsayin jinsin mahaukaci
Yana da ɗan ƙaramin bivalve fiye da sauran nau'in mussel. Suna iya kaiwa kusan 3 cm kamar manya. Ofayan halaye masu ban mamaki na wannan nau'in shine cewa mutane suna da haɓaka a cikin yankuna. Waɗannan yankuna ana sanya su a cikin gado suna rufe dukkan gibi kuma daga baya mussels suna girma akan wasu. Wannan yana nufin yana iya samun ɗimbin yawa daga mutane har zuwa kowane murabba'in mita.
Yana daya daga cikin dalilan da yasa ya zama daya daga cikin sanannun nau'ikan cutarwa. Kuma, ɗayan halayen da suka rage a cikin duk nau'ikan haɗari shine sauƙin haifuwarsu. Zaka iya bambanta zebra mussel ta ratsiyoyin da ke jikin kwansonsa daga ita ake samunta suna na gama gari. Wannan dabba ta bayyana a cikin jerin nau'ikan nau'ikan baƙi masu haɗari masu haɗari 100 a duniya.
Tsarin yanayin wannan nau'in shine Black, Caspian and Aral Seas. A cikin karni na 1985 ya fara fadada ta hanyoyin ruwa na Nahiyar Turai, har ya kai Manyan Tabkuna na Amurka a cikin XNUMX, don daga baya su mamaye Mississippi da gabar Tekun Caribbean. Dalilin da yasa wannan nau'in yake mamayewa shine babban ƙarfin haifuwarsa. Kuma wannan shine, samfurin samari ne kaɗai ke iya saki zuwa cikin muhallin tsakanin tsaran tsuntsaye miliyan da rabi a cikin shekara guda.
Jinsi yana da ɗan matsala saboda dalilai da yawa. Na farko shine ƙari girma na yankuna da ke haifar da lalacewa ababen more rayuwa da canza abubuwan da ke cikin phytoplankton. Babban ci gaba da ƙarfin haihuwa tare da yawan alumma ya mai da shi nau'ikan cutarwa. Hakanan dole ne a ƙara masa babban juriya da yake da shi ga yanayin muhalli daban-daban. Tare da duk waɗannan halaye sun sami damar mamaye manyan wuraren rafin ruwa da tabkuna a cikin ɗan gajeren lokaci.
Zebra mussel a matsayin nau'in matsala
Ta hanyar ƙirƙirar ƙananan cones na mutane, waɗannan yankuna na iya haifar da lalacewar abubuwan haɓaka na yanayin ƙasa kuma ya canza abun da ke cikin phytoplankton. Kamar yadda muka sani, phytoplankton yana da mahimmanci ga jerin abinci a cikin yanayin ruwa. Duk waɗannan mutane suna da ikon toshe bututu ko tafkunan ruwa na ɗan adam, wanda ke buƙatar kawar da samfuran na zahiri. Wadannan kwayoyin sunada juriya ga sinadarai kamar chlorine. Sabili da haka, dole ne a kawar da su ta amfani da tsarin da zai shafi mummunan yanayi.
Don kawar da wannan nau'in nau'ikan nau'ikan cutarwa, ba mu son gurɓata mahalli, kawai dole ne mu kawar da takamaiman nau'in. Suna da ingantacciyar damar tace ruwa. Suna da ikon tace ruwa har lita 8.5 na kowane mutum kowace rana. Wannan ya zama babban kalubale idan akazo batun kawar da wadannan al'ummomin. Dole ne a kara da cewa, ga yawan mutanen da zasu iya samu a kowace murabba'in mita, zasu iya tace yawan ruwa mai ci gaba.
Wannan ƙarfin tacewar yana da sakamako da yawa. A gefe guda, an rage adadin phytoplankton da ke cikin tafarkin ruwa. Wannan mummunan tasirin yana shafar sauran jinsunan da ke cin abincin phytoplankton. A gefe guda kuma, mun bayyana ruwan da cewa ta hanyar kawar da yawan abubuwan da aka dakatar zamu iya samun tsaftataccen ruwa. Ana iya cewa wannan sakamako ne mai kyau. Amma mummunan ya fi muni.
A wasu yankuna na arewacin Turai tuni suna fama da matsalar gurɓataccen kogi kuma suna ɗaukar zebra mussel mai fa'ida saboda ƙarfin tace shi. Koyaya, bashi da amfani a sami ruwa mai inganci sosai idan wannan nau'in yana cutar da wasu nau'in halittun ruwa. Ya zama rikici iya rarraba wannan nau'in a matsayin mai amfani. Zai iya zama da amfani ga mutane har zuwa wani lokaci amma ba ga wasu nau'in ba.
Halin da ake ciki a Spain na zebra mussel
Samfurori masu balaga suna da ikon ƙirƙirar mulkin mallaka waɗanda suka girma a kan juna. Wannan yana haifar musu da isa ga yawan jama'a kuma yana tace cikin manyan ruwa cikin kankanin lokaci. Juriyar jinsin tana da girma matuka kuma yawan haihuwa yana haifar da lalacewar tattalin arziki kai tsaye a Spain. Asarar tattalin arziki da wannan nau'in ya haifar a Amurka a cikin shekaru 10 ya wuce Euro miliyan 1.600.
A Spain, Ma'aikatar Muhalli sadaukar da miliyan 300 don yaƙar nau'in tsakanin 2003 da 2006. An gano nau'in a cikin tafkin kogin Ebro a shekara ta 2001. Yawan mutane ya yi kasa sosai, amma a cikin shekaru masu zuwa ya sami damar fadada zuwa gabar Júcar da Segura. Wadannan al'ummomin sun sami nasarar komawa ga wadanda suke a tafarkin Ebro kuma sun isa gindin Undugarra a Vizcaya a shekarar 2011. Sauran wuraren da aka gano wadannan samfurin a cikin dam din Sobrón ne, a Burgos, da kuma Puentelarrá hydroelectric jump, in Valava.
A yanzu sun fadada mu zuwa wasu wurare, kodayake kamar dai lokaci ne kawai. Notan adam zebra ba da gangan mutane suka shigar dashi cikin kogunan da yake mamayewa ba. Wannan yana nufin cewa ga mutane wannan bashi da wani fa'ida ta tattalin arziki.
Akwai wasu dabarun kula da rani a bayyane hanyar magance matsalar. Amfani da matattara yana hana wucewar larvae zuwa hanyoyin safarar ruwa kamar matattarar wutar lantarki.
Ina fatan cewa tare da wannan bayanin zaku iya ƙarin koyo game da alfadarin zebra da matsayin ta na nau'in haɗari.