Xylella fastidiosa, kwaro da ke kai hari a Tsibirin Balearic

Akwai kwari da yawa da ke kai hari kan albarkatu kuma suke haifar da mummunar lalacewa. Duk wannan yana haifar da tsadar tattalin arziƙi da canje-canje a cikin tsarin halittu.

A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, kwayoyin cuta Xylella fastidiosa ya zama kwaro mai matukar hatsari a Turai. Lalacewarsa da yawa ya tilasta sare dubunnan bishiyar zaitun a kudancin Italiya. Yanzu yana yaduwa sosai ta tsibirin Balearic.

Xylella fastidiosa, wani kwaro mai rikitarwa

Abubuwan farko na kamuwa da cutar Xylella sun faru ne a watan Nuwamba na ƙarshe a cikin shuke-shuke masu ado a Mallorca. Masana a fannin sun aminta da kansu suna tunanin cewa zasu kasance keɓaɓɓun lamura ne kuma ba zasu shafi ko yaɗuwa zuwa sauran tsire-tsire ba musamman ma amfanin gona. Koyaya, an gano su da kuma shari'u 92 masu kyau na Xylella a Mallorca da Eivissa. Domin dakatar da wannan annoba, an amince da ƙuduri wanda zai bayyana duk yankin Balearic a matsayin yanki da wannan annoba ta shata.

Wannan matakin da Gwamnati ta dauka zai sanya ba za a iya kasuwanci da kowane irin kayan lambu mai rai ba, ana fitar da su zuwa wasu wuraren. Ta wannan hanyar, ana guje wa kowace irin cuta kuma ana magance annobar. a wuri ta yadda ba zai sake yin barna ba. Zai kuma hana Dubunnan bishiyoyi da wata babbar ciyawa sun yanke don jimrewa da sarewar.

A Tarayyar Turai, suna la'akari da Xylella fastidiosa tare da nematode Bursaphelenchus xylophilus ya sabbin kwari biyu masu hatsarin gaske wadanda suke barazana ga ciyayi. Don hana ɓarnarsa, kimanin shekara huɗu, ana amfani da matakai masu buƙata da tsattsauran ra'ayi don sarrafa fadada shi. Da Xylella fastidiosa yana haifar da saurin mutuwar tsiron da yake cuta.

Yankunan da suka kamu da cutar Xylella fastidiosa

Kodayake annobar ta bazu ko'ina cikin Italia kuma an san ta da "Annobar itacen zaitun", yanki daya tilo na Spain da aka samu wannan kwayar a tsibirin Balearic. Matakan rigakafin farko da aka yi amfani da su a Mallorca bai isa ba. Don haka an zana radius na mita 100 don iya iyakance wuraren da cutar ta shafa. A cikin waɗannan yankuna, an kawar da dukkanin tsire-tsire masu karɓar nau'in. Hakanan an keɓance yanki na kilomita 10 don yankin riƙewa wanda aka yi amfani da raga mai tsari 100 × 100. A cikin waɗannan maganganun, an ɗauki samfuran daga tsire-tsire masu nuna alamun Xylella da waɗanda ke kewaye da su, kuma an bincika dukkan nau'ikan masu karɓar nau'ikan nau'ikan Xylella. Tare da waɗannan ayyukan, an kawar da tsire-tsire 1.921 bisa ka'idar rigakafin cutar phytosanitary.

Daga cikin waɗannan binciken akwai 71 sun tabbatar da tabbaci a Mallorca da 21 a Eivissa. Wadannan sakamakon suna ba da shawarar cewa mutum na iya yin magana game da yaduwar kwayoyin a cikin yankin. Abin da ya sa ke nan, a cikin Dokar Minista ta Asabar, 21 ga Janairu, 2017, wajibcin hana tashi daga yankin ƙasa mai cin gashin kai na dukkan tsire-tsire don shuka, ban da iri, waɗanda ba sa saurin kamuwa.

Gwamnati ta tabbatar da cewa wannan Umarnin na Minista ba ya samar da kuɗin tattalin arziki ko rashi kaɗan. Tunda, ban da cewa tsibirin na Balearic masu shigo da kayan shuka ne kai tsaye ba masu fitar da kaya ba, wannan Umarnin na Ministan zai rage illar kamuwa da cuta ta Xylella fastidiosa.

Jinsi mai cutar

Daga cikin bishiyoyin da abin ya shafa Xylella fastidiosa mun hadu da zaitun, ceri, plum da itacen almon. Game da Mallorca, an gano tabbatattun abubuwa a cikin itatuwan zaitun bakwai, itacen zaitun goma sha huɗu, polygal tara, bishiyoyi cherry uku, plum ɗaya da itacen almon na talatin da bakwai, yayin da tabbatattun abubuwan na Eivissa sun kasance a cikin manyan bishiyoyi biyu, itacen zaitun goma sha shida, polygal daya, shudi mimosa daya da lavender.

A ƙarshe, an saka tarkon chromotic a wuraren da cutar ta auku na Mallorca. Waɗannan tarko ne waɗanda ke ba da damar kasancewar vector ɗin da ke watsa ƙwayoyin cuta don ganowa. Kunnawa sashen nazarin ilmin dabbobi na Jami'ar tsibirin Balearic Wani bincike ya fara ganin abubuwanda ke tattare da wannan kwayar don haka suka maida hankali kan dakatar dasu.