Akwai mutane da yawa waɗanda ba su san da kyau ba wanda ya kirkiri haske. Kodayake a hukumance ana iya cewa wutar lantarki Thomas Alva Edison ne ya kirkiro ta, amma sam ba haka take ba. Labari ne game da wani mai kirkiro wanda a ranar 22 ga Oktoba, 1879, ya yi nasara a yunƙurinsa na haskaka fitila mai haske da wutar lantarki. Koyaya, a ce Edison shine wanda ya ƙirƙira haske yana ƙara sauƙaƙe ƙoƙarin sauran masana kimiyya waɗanda suka ba da gudummawa da yawa a wannan aikin.
A cikin wannan labarin zamu gaya muku wanda ya ƙirƙira haske kuma menene matakai don cimma wannan nasarar.
Wanda ya kirkiri haske
Yawancin mutane suna magana game da Thomas Edison yayin magana game da wanda ya ƙirƙira haske. Koyaya, wannan ya sauƙaƙe. Akwai ayyuka da yawa da magabata biyu suka yi wanda ya sanya Thomas Edison damar kammala aikin. Edison kwan fitila na farko ya ɗauki awanni 13 da rabi kawai. Wannan shi ne farkon tsarin ci gaba wanda ya kawo mana wutar lantarki da za mu iya amfani da shi a yau.
Edison shine farkon wanda ya yi filo mai ƙarfi wanda yake haske tare da wucewar wutar lantarki kuma zai iya jurewa. Wannan filament din yana cikin kararrawar gilashi. Makasudin shine yaɗa hasken wutar lantarki da kyau. Ta wannan hanyar, Edison ya zo ne don ƙirƙirar kwan fitila mai amfani da wutar lantarki ta farko. Har zuwa wannan lokacin, fitilun tituna da gidaje suna amfani da gas, mai, kananzir da abubuwan ban sha'awa. Wannan ya haifar da wasu matsalolin numfashi ga wasu mutane saboda gas dole ne ya ci gaba ya ci gaba kuma ya fitar da iskar carbon dioxide cikin yanayi.
Koyaya, ga Thomas Edison, kamar duk masu ƙirƙira, Ya sami tallafi daga sauran masu binciken da suka kasance majagaba a fagen wutar lantarki. Saboda haka, a ce Thomas Edison shi ne ya ƙirƙira haske yana da sauƙin fahimta. Daya daga cikin misalan ci gaba a wutar lantarki shine Alessandro Volta. Ya kasance mai kula da kirkirar batirin lantarki, da sauran abubuwa da yawa. An halicci kalmomin volt da voltage ne saboda girmamawarsa. Shi ne mutum na farko da ya sami damar yin filament incandescent lokacin da na yanzu ya wuce. Kuma yayi hakan ba kasa da shekara 1800 ba, ma'ana, shekaru 79 kafin Thomas Edison.
Duk wannan ya sa Edison gaske ba shine farkon wanda ya ƙirƙiri fitila mai ƙwanƙwasawa ba, amma don ya daɗe. Sauran masana kimiyya da masu ganowa irin su Henry Woodward, Mathew Evans, Humphry Davy, James Bowman Lindsay da sauran masu kirkirar abubuwa da yawa sun riga sun kirkiro fitilu irin wannan. Saboda wannan dalili, Edison ya zana aƙalla ayyukan magabata 22.
Me yasa Edison ya ƙirƙira haske
Ka tuna cewa Thomas Edison ba shine mai gano kwan fitila ba, amma shine wanda ya tsara ɗaya wanda zai ɗauki tsawon lokaci. Muna faɗin daidai game da yawan kuzarin da yake cinyewa. Ka tuna cewa a wancan lokacin babu wutar lantarki da ta kai ta yanzu. Sabili da haka, yawan kuzarin wutar lantarki mai ƙwanƙwasawa ya kasance abin la’akari yayin ƙirƙirar kwan fitila. Hakanan batun tsaro. Dole ne a ƙirƙiri kwan fitila wanda ba shi da amfani sosai.
Samfurorin da suka gabata ba'a ƙirƙira su da yawa ba kuma suna buƙatar wutar lantarki mai yawa. Wasu kuma sun gajarta kuma ba za su ci gaba ba. Don haka Edison ya ƙirƙira wutar lantarki mafi dadewa, mafi arha kuma amintacce. Koyaya, dole ne ya yi takara don taken ƙirƙirar haske a kotuna, akwai waɗanda ba su yi la'akari da cewa shi ne na farko ba.
Idan muka binciki sauran masu kirkirar da kuma wahayi da Edison ya samu a cikinsu, zamuyi mamaki da kawar da ra'ayin cewa Edison shine wanda ya ƙirƙira hasken.
William Sawyer
Labari ne game da wani ƙirar Bature wanda yake sarrafa ƙirar fitila mai kama da wacce Edison yayi. A zahiri, ya yi rajistar haƙƙin mallaka shekara guda kafin shi. Wannan zai sa Sawyer ya ƙirƙira haske na gaskiya. Arfafa wannan, Ofishin Patent na Amurka ya gane, a cikin 1883, cewa aikin Edison ya dogara ne da na Sawyer. Edison yayi jayayya da da'awar kanun labarai tsawon shekaru shida. A ƙarshe, haɓakar haɓakar su ta firam ɗin ƙarfe mai ƙarfi an gano cewa tana da inganci kuma sun kafa kamfani haɗin gwiwa don haɓakawa da rarraba ƙirƙirar a Ingila. Ta wannan hanyar, Sawyer da Edison sun ceci dubban yaƙe-yaƙe na shari'a.
Daga cikin aikace-aikacen farko na kwan fitila mai ƙera wutar lantarki, mun ga cewa ta yi aiki don haskaka tituna. Ta hanyar samun tabbataccen haske wanda baya buƙatar ƙarfi da yawa, yana da aikace-aikace kusan nan da nan. A shekara mai zuwa, a cikin 1880, jirgin ruwan Oregon Railroad & Navigation steamship ya kunna dakunansa tare da kwararan fitilar 118 Edison. A cikin 1881, New York ita ce birni na farko a duniya da ke da haske da wutar lantarki, kuma an fara haskaka shi da fitilun lantarki, wanda a hankali zai maye gurbin gas. Abin sha'awa, lWayoyin da zasu dauke wutar sun kasance a karkashin kasa, maimakon a daukaka su.
Juyin Halittar fitila
Mun san cewa fitilun kwan fitila da aka halicce su a wancan zamani, ya samu ci gaba har zuwa yau. Kwararan fitila suna da matsala har zuwa kwanan nan cewa kashi 10% na wutar ne kawai aka canza zuwa haske. Sauran makamashin da kwan fitila ya cinye ya koma zafi. Wannan ba shi da tasiri sosai daga ra'ayi na makamashi.
Abinda suke tunani anan shine kawo karshen barnar makamashi da kare lafiyar kwan fitila. A wata ma'anar, kwan fitila mai haske yana da zafi ƙwarai da gaske wanda zai iya ƙone duk abin da aka sa shi. Mun san cewa yau an warware shi wannan matsala tare da ingantaccen wutar lantarki mai haske.
Ina fatan cewa tare da wannan bayanin zaku iya koyo game da wanda ya ƙirƙira haske da duk tarihinsa.