Abu ne da mutane da yawa suka yi mamakin ƙarnnin da suka gabata. Koyaya, ba a tsara tambayar da kyau, saboda wutar lantarki na faruwa ne a cikin yanayi, don haka ba wanda ya ƙirƙira ta. Abin da aka ɗauke shi zuwa wani matakin don yin amfani da shi da haske a cikin dare mai duhu. Game da wanda ya gano wutar lantarki, akwai ra'ayoyi da yawa da ake yadawa ta hanyoyin sadarwa da kuma ta baki.
A cikin wannan labarin zamu bayyana dukkan shakku da karyata wasu gurbatattun akidu da suke wanzu a cikin zamantakewar yau. Shin kuna son sanin wanene ya gano wutar lantarki? Ci gaba da karatu saboda muna fada muku komai daki-daki.
Tarihin wutar lantarki
Wasu suna tunanin cewa mai gano wutar lantarki ne Benjamin Franklin ne. Koyaya, wannan ba haka bane. Gaskiya wani abu ne daban. Gaskiya ne cewa wannan Franklin yana gudanar da gwaje-gwaje don samun wutar lantarki, amma sun taimaka ne kawai don haɗa wutar lantarki ga mutane tare da walƙiya da aka samar a cikin yanayi. Wannan haɗin ya taimaka sosai ga haɓakar wutar lantarki, amma ba shine ya gano shi ba.
Tarihin wutar lantarki ya fi rikitarwa, tunda yana da matukar kyau a mallaki wani abu da zai iya kashe ku da zarar kun haɗu da shi kuma cewa a cikin yanayi ana tsoron dubunnan shekaru. Tarihin ya koma sama da shekaru dubu biyu.
Tuni tsoffin Girkawa a shekara ta 600 BC suka gano cewa idan sun goge fatar dabba da resin bishiyoyi ya haifar da wani irin shakuwa a tsakanin su. Wannan shine abin da aka sani da lantarki mara motsi. Saboda haka, tuni daga wannan lokacin ana san nau'ikan wutar lantarki. Wataƙila ba wutar lantarki ce ke ba da haske ga birane, amma gaskiya ne cewa bincike da son sani sun fara haɓakawa a can.
Wasu masu bincike da masu binciken kayan tarihi sun gano tasoshin da aka yi wa tagulla wadanda za su iya zama batura don haskaka wuraren da Roman ke da. Don haka duk wannan yana da baya sosai fiye da yadda kuke tsammani.
Tuni a cikin karni na goma sha bakwai shine lokacin da aka sami ƙarin bincike game da wutar lantarki kamar yadda muka santa a yau. Abu na farko da aka ƙirƙira shine janareta mai amfani da wutar lantarki, tunda an san wannan nau'in makamashi sosai.
Yawancin masu bincike da yawa
Godiya ga ilimin game da aikin tsayayyen wutar lantarki, ana iya rarraba wasu kayan aiki kamar waɗanda muka sani a yau: insulators da madugu. Wannan wani abu ne daban da ban mamaki don lokacin da suke ciki. Godiya ga wannan ci gaban, yana yiwuwa a san yadda za a fi kyau a bincika wutar lantarki daga kayan sarrafawa kuma daga baya a gina wasu ingantattun tsari tare da kayan inshora.
A cikin 1600, kalmar 'lantarki"ta likitan Ingilishi William Gilbert kuma ana nufin karfin da wasu abubuwa keyi yayin da suke shafawa juna.
Bayan haka, wani masanin kimiyyar Ingilishi mai suna Thomas Browne Ya rubuta litattafai da dama wanda a ciki ya bayyana duk binciken da ya yi dangane da wutar lantarki a matsayin ishara ga Gilbert.
Anan zamu isa ga bangaren da jama'a suka fi sani. Labari ne game da Benjamin Franklin. A cikin 1752 wannan masanin kimiyya yana gwaji tare da shi kite, maɓalli da wanzuwar tsawa. Tare da wannan gwajin kimiyya wanda kowa ke tunanin shine gano wutar lantarki, ba komai bane illa zanga-zangar cewa walƙiyar walƙiya da ƙananan tartsatsin wuta da suka yi tsalle daga kite iri ɗaya ne.
Sai daga baya ne Alessandro volta gano wasu halayen sinadarai da zasu iya haifar da samar da lantarki. Godiya ga waɗannan gwaje-gwajen da ilmin sunadarai ya sami damar gina kwayar voltaic a cikin 1800. Wannan kwayar tana da ƙarfin samar da wutar lantarki ta lantarki. Sabili da haka, ana iya cewa Volta shine farkon mai bincike wanda ke da ikon ƙirƙirar yawan caji da kuzari. Ya kuma yi amfani da ilimin da aka samu daga wasu masu bincike game da masu haɗa caji mara kyau da mara kyau. Ta haka ne ya halicci wutar lantarki a kansu.
Wutar lantarki ta zamani
Mun riga mun kusanci gano wutar lantarki kamar yadda muka santa a yau. A cikin 1831 wutar lantarki ta zama mai amfani ga fasaha albarkacin ganowar Michael Faraday. Wannan masanin ya iya kirkirar dynamo na lantarki. Mai samarda wuta ne kuma ya taimaka wajen magance wasu matsaloli tare da samarda wutar lantarki gaba daya.
Tare da binciken Faraday, Thomas Edison yana da akushi akan ƙirƙirar kwan fitila na farko mai haskakawa a cikin shekarar 1878. Anan ne aka haifi kwan fitila kamar yadda muka san shi a yau. Wasu sun riga sun ƙirƙira fitilun, amma wutar shine farkon wanda ke da fa'ida da amfani don ba da haske na awowi da yawa.
A gefe guda kuma, masanin kimiyya Joseph Swan shima ya kirkiri wani Rashin kwan fitila kuma, tare, sun ƙirƙiri kamfani inda suka samar da fitilar farko mai haskakawa. Waɗannan fitilun sun yi amfani da wutar lantarki kai tsaye don samar da fitilu na farko da ke kan titunan New York a watan Satumba na 1882.
Wanene Wanene Ya Gano Wutar Lantarki?
Tuni a farkon 1900 shine yaushe injiniya Nikola Tesla ya dauki nauyin juya makamashi zuwa wani abu gaba daya na kasuwanci. Ya yi aiki tare da Edison kuma daga baya ya haɓaka wasu ayyukan ƙirar lantarki. Sananne ne sosai game da kyakkyawan aikinsa tare da canzawa na yanzu wanda ya haifar da ƙirƙirar tsarin rarraba polyphase kamar waɗanda aka sani a yau.
Daga baya, George Westinghouse ya sayi motar haƙƙin mallaka ta Tesla don ya haɓaka kuma ya sayar da ita, ƙirƙirar canzawa na yanzu akan babban sikelin. Waɗannan abubuwan kirkirar sun ishara ga ɗan adam cewa wutar lantarki ta kasuwanci dole ne ta dogara da wutar lantarki ta yau da kullun maimakon ta kai tsaye.
Kamar yadda kake gani, idan aka koma ga wanda ya gano wutar lantarki, ba za a iya cewa ko suna ba cewa mutum daya ne. Kamar yadda suka sami damar ganowa, aiki ne na dubban shekaru da kuma halartar masu bincike da yawa daga fannoni da fannoni daban daban na ilimi. Wutar lantarki wani abu ne wanda ya bunkasa rayuwar ɗan adam ƙwarai da gaske kuma dole ne mu yi godiya ga duk waɗannan mutanen da suka sa hakan ya yiwu.