Ilimin halitta sau da yawa ana ɗaukarsa ɗaya daga cikin manyan ilimomi mafi girma kuma mafi sarƙaƙƙiya da ake da su a yau, ra'ayin da ake dangantawa da tsarin ilimi da bincike, wanda ya ɗan bambanta da sauran ilimomi na asali, yakamata ya zama haɗakar fannonin karatu da ƙwararrun ƙwararrun kimiyya don yin bayani. ko fara tushen wani batu. A wannan yanayin za mu yi nazari akan mycology wanda shine reshe na ilmin halitta. mutane da yawa suna mamaki menene mycology yayi nazari.
Don haka, za mu sadaukar da wannan labarin don gaya muku menene binciken mycology, menene halayensa da wuraren bincike.
menene mycology
A faɗin magana, ana iya bayyana mycology a matsayin reshe na ilmin halitta mai kula da nazarin fungi. Sabanin abin da aka sani, fungi ba kuma bai kamata a rarraba su azaman tsire-tsire ba. A gaskiya ma, nesa da gaskiya, ana iya bayyana fungi a matsayin kwayoyin eukaryotic waɗanda ke da bangon tantanin halitta kuma suna da heterotrophs, wato, ba za su iya samar da nasu abincin ba saboda rashin chlorophyll ko makamancin haka.
Gabaɗaya an rarraba su zuwa nau'i biyu: yisti ko yisti-kamar fungi (kwayoyin halitta guda ɗaya) da fungi filamentous (kwayoyin halitta masu yawa). Bugu da ƙari, cewa, ba kamar dabbobi da tsire-tsire ba, fungi ba su da nama na gaskiya, wato, a mafi yawancin fungi, jikinsu yana da layuka na filament (hyphae) waɗanda suke girma yayin girma. bifurcate don samar da jikin fungal (mycelium), don haka ba su da bambance-bambancen gabobin ko tsarin kamar sauran eukaryotes.
Haifuwarsu yafi ta hanyar spores, wanda ke taka muhimmiyar rawa a matsayin masu lalata kwayoyin halitta (kamar kwayoyin cuta). Daga cikin shahararrun kungiyoyin za mu iya haskaka yisti, fungi da molds. Saboda waɗannan halayen, ana rarraba fungi a cikin wani haraji daban-daban daga ciyayi da dabbobi, wanda ya dace da masarautar Fungi.
A kan wannan, yawancin marubuta suna ɗaukar mycology a matsayin ƙarin ginshiƙi na bincike a cikin ilimin kimiyyar halittu, duk da haka, Sau da yawa ana magance mycology a wani ɓangare ta ka'idodin ilimin halittu da ƙwayoyin cuta saboda wasu alaƙa da alaƙa da wasu fagagen karatu.
Menene mycology yayi nazari?
Ana iya ayyana Mycology a matsayin reshe na ilmin halitta mai kula da nazarin fungi, nazarin taxonomic da anatomical, physiological da juyin halitta, da mahimmancin su a cikin halittu.
Don dalilai masu amfani, binciken fungal ya ba da gudummawa sosai ga mahimman fannoni biyu: kimiyyar kiwon lafiya da aikin gona. A hakika, tun daga farko an kafa wani ƙwararren da aka sani da ilimin likitanci.
Maganin cutar sankara gabaɗaya an bayyana shi azaman reshe na mycology wanda ke da alaƙa da nazarin tasiri da mahimmancin wasu fungi dangane da mu'amalarsu da mutane. Don haka, yana mai da hankali kan nazarin fungi masu guba, parasitic ko allergenic fungi, da fungi waɗanda ke ba da gudummawa ta rayayye don haɓaka sabbin ƙwayoyi ko sauƙaƙe ko ba da gudummawa ga jiyya na takamaiman hanyoyin ƙwayoyin cuta.
A taƙaice, wannan filin binciken yana kimanta ganewar asali na hypersensitivity zuwa spores (allergies), mycotoxicity (ingestion na fungi), mycoses (cututtukan da ke haifar da naman gwari, subcutaneous ko tsarin fungi a cikin jiki) da sauran nau'in allergies. Yana magance da hana cututtukan fungal. Hakazalika, ta kuma mai da hankali kan samar da magunguna ko magunguna dangane da fungi, babban misali shi ne amfani da penicillin.
Dangane da fannin noma, noman naman kaza, wanda kuma aka sani da noman naman kaza. ya kasance babban matsayi a fagen tattalin arziki, Tun da yake ana noman wasu namomin kaza don abinci da dalilai na samar da abinci saboda nau'ikan abubuwan gina jiki da abubuwan dandano daban-daban, namomin kaza da truffles sune mashahuran misalan wannan filin.
Haka nan kuma, wannan filin ya mayar da hankali ne kan noma da amfani da wasu fungi (kamar yisti) wajen haxa abinci da abin sha (kamar burodi ko giya), wanda kuma za a iya lura da shi a wasu nau'ikan cuku da aka yi da fermentation na fungi.
Mycology a wasu ƙasashe
A ƙarshe, a wasu ƙasashe namomin kaza suna da takamaiman mahimmanci a fagen zamantakewa da al'adu tunda ana sayar da su, ana noma su kuma ana amfani da su don dalilai na psychostimulant. Saboda kaddarorinsu na musamman, namomin kaza na hallucinogenic suna da sha'awar fannonin bincike a fannoni daban-daban, Daga cikin waɗanda za mu iya haskaka anthropology, ilimin halin dan Adam ko Neurology, tunda duk da kasancewar ana la'akari da abubuwan hallucinogenic na farko da ɗan adam ke amfani da shi, har yanzu ana ƙididdige su da nazarin tasirin su. tasiri a cikin gajeren lokaci, matsakaici da kuma dogon lokaci.
Yana da mahimmanci a nanata cewa a halin yanzu an haramta noma da cin naman kaza a wasu ƙasashe, kuma idan kun fi sha'awar wannan yanki, ana ba da shawarar ku nemi sashin shari'a a yankinku.
Yaya kuke karatu
Kamar sauran ƙwararru a cikin ilmin halitta, fannin ilimin kimiyyar mycology yana cika cikar shekaru biyar na karatun daidai da digiri a cikin ilmin halitta da ƙwarewarsu daban-daban a fannin ilimin halitta da kuma gazawar hakan, a fagen ilimin ƙwayoyin cuta.
Koyaya, akwai kuma wasu cibiyoyin jami'o'i, saboda ƙwarewarsu a fannin kimiyya, waɗanda ke mai da hankali kan baiwa waɗanda suka kammala karatun kimiyyar halittu fannin ilimin kimiyyar halittu a matsayin layin nadi, ƙwarewa ko digiri na biyu.
rassan mycology
Ilimin ilimin likita
Shi ne nazarin cututtukan dabbobi da na mutane da fungi ke haifarwa. Kwayoyin cututtukan fungal suna shafar mutane da yawa a duniya kuma a wasu lokuta na iya zama mai tsanani. A wannan fanni, abubuwa kamar halayen ƙwayoyin cuta, sake zagayowar rayuwa da martanin mai masaukin baki.
Ana nazarin hanyar kamuwa da cuta da alamun cututtukan fungal. An kuma yi nazarin amsawar rigakafin kuma an ba da shawarar yiwuwar jiyya.
mycology na noma
Mycology na aikin gona shine nazarin fungi masu amfani ga aikin noma. Wadannan kwayoyin halitta wani bangare ne na biota na kasa kuma suna da mahimmanci don ci gaban shuka.
Akwai cikakken fannin bincike a fagen samuwar mycorrhizal (haɗin tushen tushen da fungi). Wannan symbiosis yana da matukar mahimmanci don kula da tsire-tsire ta halitta. Bugu da kari, ana amfani da su sosai a harkar noma don rage amfani da takin zamani.
Ilimin halittar jiki
Phytopathology yana daya daga cikin manyan rassa na mycology. Nazarin cututtuka da fungi ke haifarwa a cikin tsire-tsire. Babban rabo na fungi sune kwari na shuka, mafi yawan haifar da cututtuka mai tsanani. Wadannan cututtukan fungal sune ke haifar da hasara mai yawa a aikin gona.
A wannan fanni, ana nazarin cututtukan cututtukan da ke haifar da cututtuka da alamun da ke faruwa a cikin tsire-tsire. A gefe guda kuma, ana ba da shawarar kulawa da tsare-tsaren kulawa don guje wa babban barnar da kamuwa da waɗannan fungi ke haifarwa.
Ina fatan cewa tare da wannan bayanin zaku iya ƙarin koyo game da menene karatun mycology da menene halayensa.