Wadanne kasashe ne suka fi samar da makamashi mai sabuntawa?

Halin tasirin makamashi mai sabuntawa a cikin mahaɗin wutar lantarki yana da da sauri girma a cikin shekaru 10 na ƙarshe, har zuwa 24% na matsakaicin duniya a cikin 2016.

A cewar Enerdata Global Energy Statistical Yearbook 2017, wanda ke nuna ƙimar ƙananan waɗannan hanyoyin samar da makamashi a matsayin ɗayan abubuwan da suka sauƙaƙa wannan yanayin.

Sababbin masu samar da makamashi

A halin yanzu, kasashen da ke samar da wutar lantarki mafi yawa daga kafofin sabuntawa su ne Norway da New Zealand, wadanda ke samar da 97,9% da 84% na wutan su tare da koren makamashi, bi da bi. Spain ta shiga cikin 'goman farko' na wannan darajar da kashi 40,1%. A cikin ƙasarmu, an sami ci gaban sosai kamar na 2010 kuma ta yi rajistar ta mafi girma-lokaci a cikin 2014, tare da 40,9%, a cewar rahoton Enerdata.

Ƙasar	Raba abubuwan sabuntawa a cikin samar da wutar lantarki (% na duka)
Norway	97,9
New Zealand	84
Colombia	82
Brasil	81,2
Canada	66,4
Suecia	57,2
Portugal	55,2
Venezuela	54
Romania	46,2
España	40,1

Norway

Norway ita ce jagorar duniya a cikin kuzari na sabuntawa, wani abu da ke da ban mamaki idan muka ɗauki hakan babban mai samar da mai. Muna magana ne game da ƙasa ta farko a Turai a cikin samar da mai kuma cikin manyan 15 na duniya.

Duk da wannan, ƙasar Nordic ta samu kusan 100% na bukatar wutar lantarki godiya ga samar da lantarki, ana fitar da wani sashi zuwa wasu kasashe. A zahiri, yanzu haka ta sanya hannu kan wata yarjejeniya tare da toasar Ingila don gina babbar hanyar haɗin lantarki a ƙarƙashin ruwa.

Wannan ya faru ne saboda irin hangen nesa da hukumomin Norway ke yi. Kasar Norway tayi wani gagarumin ci gaba shekaru da yawa da suka gabata. Maimakon ƙona burbushin mai don samar da makamashi, sai ya fara fitar da shi zuwa wasu ƙasashe kuma yana amfani da ribar ga gina naku shuke-shuke na ruwa. Zuwa yau, wannan jarin ya wuce dala biliyan 3.000.

Wannan ya bambanta da abin da wasu ƙasashen duniya ke yi. Misali, China, a cikin mummunan ci gaban tattalin arzikinta ta dogara ne akasari a kwal. Gaskiya ne cewa wannan makamashin ya dauki tattalin arzikin kasar Sin nesa ba kusa ba, amma ta hanyar salwantar da miliyoyin miliyoyin tan na CO2 da sauran iskar gas masu gurbata yanayi, a zahiri gubar wani bangare na al'ummarta.

Amurka, a gefe guda, har yanzu tana samarwa 40% na wutan lantarki ta amfani da kwal. Wannan yana la'akari da cewa an canza tsire-tsire da yawa zuwa gas na gas, wanda duk da kasancewar har yanzu burbushin halittu, ya fi tsafta. Amma kasarmu, a lokacin 2015 gawayi ya bada gudummawa a 20,3% zuwa yawan buƙatun makamashi, kasancewar tushe na biyu wanda ke ba da gudummawa sosai ga tsarin ƙasa.

Motar lantarki

A gefe guda, akwai motsi na lantarki. A cikin wannan fagen, ƙasar Norway wata alama ce ta gaskiya a duniya.

A halin yanzu, tallace-tallace na motocin lantarki suna da kudade mafi girma fiye da 25% kasuwa. Watau, motoci 1 cikin 4 da aka sayar a Norway lantarki ne.

Kamar dai hakan bai isa ba, motocin lantarki na ƙasar Norway na iya yin alfaharin kasancewar motocin hayaƙi na gaske, saboda ana cajin su da wutar lantarki daga makamashi mai sabuntawa. Wani abu da mai Tesla ba zai iya yi ba a West Virginia, Amurka, inda 90% na lantarki yana zuwa ne daga kwal.

Tallafi

Manufofin gwamnatin Norway sun kasance shekaru 3 gabanin abin da ake tsammani, duk albarkacin taimakon gwamnati kawar da haraji da samar da fa'idodi iri-iri ga masu irin wannan abin hawa. Kamar rashin biyan kuɗi don filin ajiye motoci, tashoshin sake caji kyauta da izini don amfani da hanyoyi musamman ga motocin safa.

A halin yanzu Norway a shirye take ta sake nazarin tallafin motocin lantarki, saboda dimbin tallace-tallace da ire-iren wadannan ababen hawa ke yi a duk fadin kasar.

An yi amfani da tsarin karfafawa na yanzu a cikin 2012, amma Ya fara karɓar zargi mai yawa a shekarar da ta gabata lokacin da tallan samfurin Tesla Model S ya yi tashin gwauron zabi kuma asusun kasar ya yi asara daga dala miliyan 380 zuwa 510.

A gefe guda, theungiyar Mota ta Wutar Lantarki ta Norway uzuri cewa fa'idodi suna buƙatar daɗewa . Tunda kashi uku ne kawai na motocin da ke kan hanya lantarki ne, ƙaramin rabo ne ko da a halin yanzu Norway ce jagora a wannan ɓangaren da tazara mai yawa.