A yau zamuyi magana game da wani nau'in tsire-tsire waɗanda ke da damar hayayyafa ta hanyar spores. Labari ne game da tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire. Wannan kalmar tana nufin ɓoye ɓoye kuma ya fito daga Girkanci. Ta hanyar faɗi cewa su tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire masu raɗaɗi muna nuna cewa ba sa hayayyafa ta hanyar tsaba. A cikin wannan rukuni an rarraba ƙananan tsire-tsire waɗanda ba su da tsarin da sauran tsire-tsire ke da su, kamar masu tushe, tushen, ganye, furanni ko iri. Hakanan, sassan halittar su a ɓoye suke.
A cikin wannan labarin za mu gaya muku duk halaye, haifuwa da kuma sha'awar tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire.
Halaye na shuke-shuke cryptogamic
Idan muka binciko waɗannan tsire-tsire daga ma'ana mai faɗi, zamu ga cewa tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire sune duk waɗanda ke da ikon hayayyafa ta hanyar ƙwayoyin cuta ba ta tsaba ba. Sakamakon haka, tsire-tsire ne waɗanda ke da ɓoye sassan haihuwa. Saboda haka sunansa a Latin. Ofungiyar cryptogams sun sami wasu kwayoyin waɗanda ba sa cikin masarautar shuka.
Wasu kwayoyin da suka ragu a rukunin tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire sune cyanobacteria, koren algae, lichens da wasu fungi. Dole ne mu tuna cewa a cikin haraji kowane ɗayan waɗannan ƙwayoyin suna mallakar masarautu daban-daban. Wannan yana nuna cewa lokacin da muke haɗuwa da cryptogams muna yin rukuni na wucin gadi kuma ba tare da kowane nau'in halayyar haraji ba.
Sake haifuwa da mazaunin shuke-shuke da ake kira cryptogamic
Zamu duba yaya nau'in haifuwa wanda wannan nau'in tsirrai yake dashi. Kamar yadda aka ambata a sama, waɗannan tsire-tsire ba su da tsire-tsire iri iri da na haihuwa kamar yadda yawancin shuke-shuke suke. Duk sassanta na haihuwa suna boye. Wasu daga cikinsu suna da ikon sake haifuwa ta hanyar al'ada. Wannan yana nufin cewa Ba sa buƙatar wata kwayar halitta don haifuwa. A matsayin haɓakar haɓakar haɓakawa na iya nufin fa'ida tunda tana buƙatar ta daga wasu mutane don ninkawa. Koyaya, wannan ba gaskiya bane.
Sauran nau'ikan cryptogams suna da al'ummomi daban-daban waɗanda ke canzawa tsakanin jima'i da haifuwa ta jima'i. Ana aiwatar da ƙarshen ta hanyar haɗin gametes na ɓangaren namiji da mace, wanda shine dalilin da yasa suka fito daga kwayoyin daban-daban.
Dangane da mazauninsu, waɗannan tsirrai na iya rayuwa a cikin yanayin ruwa da na ƙasa. Koyaya, ana iya samun shuke-shuke na duniya da yawa fiye da na ruwa. Bugu da kari, shuke-shuke ne wadanda suka fi son yanayin inuwa da yanayi mai laima don samun damar bunkasa cikin kyakkyawan yanayi. Yawancin lokaci ana samun su a wuraren da ke da babban ɗumi da ƙarancin hasken rana. Dole ne a tuna cewa waɗannan tsire-tsire suna da kyallen takarda waɗanda tasirin rana zai iya lalata su. Yana buƙatar yanayi mai laima don rayuwa.
Wannan rukuni na tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire mun sami ferns a matsayin su kaɗai kuma suna da tsarin jijiyoyin jini. Tsarin jijiyoyin jiki yana amfani dashi don iya jigilar dukkan ruwaye da abubuwan gina jiki a cikin kwayar halitta. Sauran tsirrai a cikin ƙungiyar suna buƙatar tushen ruwa na waje don rayuwa da girma.
Gina Jiki
Zamuyi magana game da abinci mai gina jiki wanda waɗannan tsirrai ke buƙata domin rayuwa. Wasu daga cikinsu na iya aiwatar da aikin hotuna dangane da inda suke. Wato suna iya yin abincinsu. Kwayoyin da cewa suna da ikon samar da abincinsu ana rarraba su azaman autotrophs. Saboda wannan dalili, yawancin nau'ikan tsire-tsire masu yawa na cryptogamic na iya yin abincinsu. Kamar yadda muka ambata a farkon labarin, kada mu manta cewa wannan rarrabuwa ba ta haraji bane, amma wani abu ne gaba ɗaya.
Sauran membobin ƙungiyar cryptogam na iya ciyar da kansu ta hanyar amfani da kafofin waje. A saboda wannan dalili, an san shi da sunan heterotrophs. A mafi ƙanƙanci, akwai wasu nau'ikan da kan iya shayar da abubuwan gina jiki kai tsaye daga wata kwayar halitta. Wadannan kwayoyin zasu iya ciyar da abinci mai gina jiki kamar mushen kwayoyin halitta. Wadannan tsirrai a fili wasu gungun halittu ne masu bambancin ra'ayi, don haka yana da wahala a kirkiro halaye na musamman wadanda za a iya amfani da su ga dukkan mambobin kungiyar.
Nau'o'in shuke-shuke cryptogamic
Kamar yadda yake da matukar wahala ƙirƙirar ƙungiyar da ke haɗa dukkan halayen, za mu rarraba waɗanda sune manyan ƙungiyoyi na tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire masu wanzuwa.
Talophytes
Waɗannan sune tsire-tsire waɗanda suke cikin rukuni wanda ke da tsari da ake kira thallus. Wannan thallus din baya banbanta shuka ko asalin sa, mai tushe da ganyaye. Saboda wannan dalili, ana ɗaukar su a matsayin ƙananan tsire-tsire tunda suna da ɗan gajeren jikin mutum. A cikin ƙungiyar tsire-tsire masu tsalle-tsalle muna samun ƙungiyar polyphyletic. Wannan yana nufin cewa kungiyoyin da suka kafa wannan rukunin ba su fito daga Isra'ila daya ba, amma daga da yawa daga cikinsu. A cikin ƙungiyar talophytes akwai algae, fungi da lichens.
Bryophytes
Su ne waɗanda ba su da tsarin jijiyoyin jiki na yau da kullun. Wannan yana nufin cewa basu da sifofi waɗanda aka kirkira su ta hanya ta musamman don gudanar da ruwa da abubuwan gina jiki a cikin jiki. Su tsire-tsire ne, galibi na ƙasa, waɗanda ke buƙatar ɗimbin ɗimbin zafi don rayuwa. Suna hayayyafa ta hanyar jima'i. A cikin wannan rukunin mun sami mosses, hanta da kuma anthoceras.
Pteridophytes
Su tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire ne na mafi haɓaka wanda yake wanzu. Kuma wannan saboda suna da tsarin jijiyoyin jini wanda ya kunshi xylem da phloem don gudanar da abinci mai gina jiki cikin jiki. Jikin waɗannan shuke-shuke ya samo asali ne, da tushe, da ganyaye. Yawancin waɗannan tsire-tsire suna rarraba ko'ina cikin duniya. Ana iya samun su daga yanayin wurare masu zafi zuwa yankuna masu duhu. A cikin wannan rarrabuwa akwai manyan aji 4: psilopsida, lycopsida, sphenopsida da pteropsida.
Kamar yadda kake gani, akwai tsirrai daban-daban wadanda suka wanzu a wannan duniyar tamu dangane da halaye da kuma tsarin rayuwar da yake gabatarwa. Ina fatan cewa tare da wannan bayanin zaku iya ƙarin koyo game da shuke-shuke da ake kira cryptogamic, halayensu da rabe-rabensu.