La tsari kwari Kwarin lepidopteran ne, wato yana da matakan metamorphic da yawa, gami da matakin caterpillar, har sai ya zama malam buɗe ido idan ya balaga. Suna zaune a cikin gandun daji na Pine na yankin Bahar Rum na Turai kuma, duk da sunansu, ana iya samun su a cikin itatuwan al'ul da fir. A wasu yankuna, ana ɗaukarsa kwaro ne da ke haifar da babbar illa ga shukar Pine. Yana daya daga cikin mafi firgita a lokacin kiwo.
Saboda haka, a cikin wannan labarin, za mu gaya muku duk abin da kuke bukatar ku sani game da prosessionary caterpillar, halaye da ilmin halitta.
Babban fasali
Sunan kimiyya na wannan kwari shine Thaumetopoea pityocampa, kuma yana tafiya ta matakai daban-daban: qwai, tsutsa ko caterpillars, pupae da butterflies. Wannan ci gaba a cikin Lepidoptera ana kiransa holometabolic.
A lokacin rani, ko kuma daidai a watan Yuli a arewacin hemisphere, caterpillar mai tafiya yana samun nau'in girma saboda malam buɗe ido shine lokacin saduwa. A wannan mataki, kwarin yana da launin ruwan kasa kuma yana iya haɗuwa da yanayin da yake rayuwa. Al'adarsu ita ce su kasance masu aiki da dare, don haka za su iya guje wa harin tsuntsayen dare da rana.
Da zarar mating ya faru, da Pine Maris zai sa qwai da zai yi kwai ta hanya ta musamman, allura masu siffa mai karkace, mai suna bayan alluran Pine. Kwanaki 30 zuwa 40 bayan haifuwa, katapilar takan shiga cikin tsutsanta ko matakin katapillar, wanda zai iya wuce watanni 8.
Lokacin da ɗigon su ya kusa ƙarewa, ciyawar ta fara saukowa daga bishiyar, kuma suna tafiya ta hanya ta musamman don an jera su a jere daya bayan daya. Wannan shine dalilin da ya sa wannan kwari yana da suna mai ban mamaki, kuma idan ya sauko daga bishiyar, sai a ga yana bin fareti.
Karkashin umarnin caterpillars cewa daga baya Za su juya zuwa mace malam buɗe ido, dogon farati na pines ya kai ƙasa. inda aka binne su kuma su shiga matakin chrysalis ko pupal. Wannan matakin zai ɗauki kimanin watanni 2 sannan zai haifar da babban malam buɗe ido wanda zai iya rayuwa kawai kwana ɗaya ko biyu.
Wani lokaci mai ban tsoro na caterpillar mai tafiya
A cikin mataki na katapillar, katapillar mai tafiya yana tafiya ta matakai 5, wanda a cikinsa ya zama kwari mai ban tsoro. Babban halayensa shine cewa duk jikin sa yana rufe da gashi mai guba sosai. Wannan shi ne saboda kasancewar wani guba mai suna tamatopine. Gashin caterpillar na iya haifar da rashin lafiya mai tsanani a cikin dabbobi da mutane, saboda lokacin da fareti na pine ya ji barazana, yana sakin gashin da ke kumbura a cikin iska.
A mataki na uku na tsutsa, katapillar tana gina aljihu inda za ta iya jure sanyin lokacin sanyi, amma aikin tsutsar baya tsayawa domin zai ci gaba da neman abinci da daddare. A mataki na tsutsa na biyar. caterpillars sun zama masu haɗama kuma suka fara cin alluran Pine. A lokuta da dama, caterpillars ba sa cin alluran gaba daya, sai dai su daina cizon a tsakiyar alluran, wanda hakan kan sa ganyen ruwan kasa su mutu sannu a hankali, bishiyar bishiyar ba ta da kyau.
Ana samun tsutsa a farkon watanni hudu na shekara. Tsakanin Janairu da Afrilu shine lokacin da suka fara bayyana, ya danganta da yanayin yanayin yanayi, ana iya ganin su ba dade ko ba dade. A cikin 'yan watannin farko, mafi sanyi shine "fararen jakunkuna" a saman bishiyoyin da ake iya gani daga nesa. Kowannen su yana iya samun tsutsa 100 zuwa 200. Har ila yau zafi yana rinjayar kowane gida, kuma mafi yawan zafin jiki, yawancin mutane za a haifa.
Lokacin da rana ta bace katapillar suna fita daya bayan daya neman abinci, amma sai suka koma gidajensu da ake kira "fararen jaka." Canje-canjen sun fara tsakanin Afrilu da Mayu. Yayin da zafin jiki ya tashi, itatuwan suna fara fadowa. Da zarar sun kasance a ƙasa, sai su fara shiga cikin ƙasa don ci gaba da canzawa zuwa malam buɗe ido.
Yadda ake yaƙar maƙarƙashiya
Ko da yake masana da yawa sun yarda cewa ba za a iya raba barnar da waɗannan kwari ke haifarwa a matsayin mai tsanani ba, amma suna haifar da matsala a gonakin pine da ake yin itace. A saboda wannan dalili. An samar da hanyoyi da yawa don rage tasirin hare-haren caterpillar.
Mafi tasiri, kodayake asali a lokaci guda, ya ƙunshi kawar da aljihunan da ke cikin allurar pine. Wannan hanyar ba ta dace da waɗancan aljihunan da ke cikin alluran ƙarshe ba, tunda wannan yana lalata ci gaban bishiyoyi. Ana ba da shawarar koyaushe don shayar da rassan inda aljihunan ke gaba don guje wa illa mai guba na gashin caterpillar.
Wata hanyar kuma ita ce sanya robobi mai tauri, kamar mazurari, a gindin bishiyar a cika shi da ruwa. Wannan ya kamata a yi kafin farati na caterpillar. Idan hakan ta faru, babu makawa katar ta fada cikin ruwa ta mutu.
A ƙarshe, a wasu gonaki an samar da ƙarin nagartattun hanyoyin nazarin halittu don yaƙar faretin Pine, gami da sanya "tarkon" pheromone don jawo hankalin maza, don haka rage tasirin haifuwar wannan kwari.
Yadda ake bi da hargitsi
Butterflies ba su da haɗari, amma caterpillars suna da. Matsalar ita ce gashin katapillar yana haifar da amsa irin ta amya idan ya hadu da fata. Wannan yawanci ana iya gani saboda jajayen tabo suna bayyana a yankin kuma galibi suna fushi. A cikin yanayi masu rikitarwa, suna iya haifar da matsalolin numfashi.
Idan wannan ya faru, dole ne mu yi abubuwa masu zuwa
- A wanke wurin da sabulu da ruwa don cire gashin kwari.
- Bi da m lokuta tare da corticosteroid cream
- Gabaɗaya ana shan maganin antihistamines kowace awa.
- A cikin lokuta masu tsanani, cibiyar asibiti za ta yi allurar corticosteroids a cikin jiki.
Irin waɗannan nau'ikan dabbobi galibi suna shafar dabbobi. Bayan ƙoƙarin yin amfani da shi a mafi yawan lokuta, yankin yawanci yana fushi. Akwai kuma kumburi kuma yawanci akwai kumburi da yawa. Lokacin da halin da ake ciki ya tsananta, zai iya zama necrotic a ƙarshe. Don haka, dole ne a bi da shi tare da magunguna na musamman, yin amfani da corticosteroids da kuma amfani da maganin rigakafi.
Ina fatan cewa tare da wannan bayanin za ku iya ƙarin koyo game da caterpillar mai tafiya.