Tabbas wasu lokuta ko lokuta da dama munyi tunanin cewa kuda bashi da wani amfani sai don bacin rai. Kuma shine lokacin da kyakkyawan yanayi ya zo tare da yanayin bazara da bazara muna shan wahala kasancewar ci gaba da wannan ƙaramin ƙwayar kwarin. Duk da haka, kar ka manta da tashi sama a cikin halittu da mahimmancinsa ga sauran nau'ikan daban-daban. Yana da kyau mu ga cewa ƙudaje suna ƙoƙari su sauko kan abincinmu kuma su yi sauri don guje wa yunƙurinmu na kashe su. Kodayake muna tunanin cewa ba dabbobi ne masu buƙata ba, ba a ba da shawarar cutar da su ba tunda suna da aiki mai mahimmanci.
A cikin wannan labarin zamu fada muku yadda aikin halittar kuda da kuma mahimmancin da suke dashi.
Babban fasali
Bari mu fara magana game da wasu halaye na kudaje. Idan ka taba ganin kuda gaba dayan sa, zaka ga suna da idanu wadanda suka kunshi dubunnan fuskoki daban-daban wadanda suke dauke da hasken haske. Saboda haka, yana basu damar tserewa ta hanyar shawagi ta fuskar kowane irin hatsari. Gabobin jikinsu suna bayyana sau 3 kuma hakan yana basu damar shafa bakinsu da idanunsu ta wannan hanyar halayyar waɗannan kwari. Jikinta ya banbanta zuwa tagmas mabambanta wadanda sune kai, guntun ciki da ciki.
Su ne ɗayan insectsan kwarin da basu da eriya amma suna da fika-fikai guda biyu. Baki a shirye yake don tsotsa, lasa ko huda amma ba zai iya cizo ko taunawa ba. Akwai wasu nau'ikan kudaje waɗanda zasu iya ciji. Kasarmu ce kadai akwai sama da nau'ikan da aka gano su dubu hamsin wanda ke nuna cewa akwai nau’ikan ƙudaje da yawa a duniya. Kamar yadda kuka sani, sababbin nau'ikan suna fitowa daga gicciye daban-daban tsakanin jinsunan da ke faruwa a cikin tsarin halittu.
Liesudaje yawanci suna da gajeriyar rayuwa amma aiki. Tsakanin watannin Maris da Agusta mun sami lokacin da zasu iya haifuwa ta miliyoyin mutane. Dole ne mu sani cewa yayin sauran shekara ba sa ɓacewa ko ɓoyewa, amma dai suna rage tafiyar hawainiyarsu yayin da suke jiran yanayin zafi mai yawa don sanya su zuwa rayuwa mai kyau don su iya hayayyafa cikin sauri.
A yawancin jinsunan kwari, balagarsa tana zuwa tsakanin kwanaki 15 da 25. A karkashin kyakkyawan yanayi, kuda na iya rayuwa har zuwa kwanaki 60. A wannan lokacin zasu iya tashi, ciyarwa da haifuwa tunda shine mafi girman matakan su. Kafin matakin da zai iya tashi a ciki, dole ne ya bi ta wasu matakai kamar ƙwai, larvae ko wasu matakai dangane da nau'in da muke kulawa da shi.
Tashi a cikin halittu
Zamu nuna menene aikin kuda a cikin tsarin halittu. Kuma shine cewa waɗannan kwari suna da mahimmancin mahimmanci fiye da abin da muka yi imani da shi. A takaice zamu iya cewa wadannan kwari Sunyi zaben fidda gwani, masu wargaza kwayoyin halitta, suna sarrafa kwari kuma suna zama abinci ga sauran dabbobi kwari. Ayyukan kuda a cikin halittu sun kasu kashi biyu cikin dukkanin wadannan fannoni.
Kodayake da alama ba komai suke yi ba kamar tashi sama da shiga cikin abincinmu, suna da amfani a gare mu duka tunda suna da aikin fida. Hakanan za'a iya amfani dashi don sarrafa wasu kwari, saboda haka yana iya samar mana da fa'idodi masu yawa ga sararin halitta, lambuna da aikin gona. Wani bangare wanda kuda yake taimakawa dan adam shine duniyar halittar gado. Godiya ga saurin rayuwar waɗannan kwari, Mendel ya sami damar nuna ra'ayoyin da suka kawo sauyi a duniyar kimiyya.
Za mu ga wani muhimmin al'amari na aikin kuda a cikin halittu.
Pollinating kwari
Babban aikin kwari da yanayin halittar ƙasa shine pollination. Kamar yadda yake tare da sauran kwari kamar ƙudan zuma, ƙudaje wata hanya ce ta safarar foran fulawar wasu jinsunan shuke-shuke. Wannan fulawar tana manne a qafafuwanta da sauran sassan jiki su ajiye a kan wasu furanni idan suka sauka a kansu.. Wannan tafiya tsakanin furanni yana haifar da gurɓataccen nau'in tsire-tsire masu yawa.
Dole ne a yi la'akari da cewa kwari ba sa cin abinci kai tsaye a kan pollen kamar sauran nau'in kwari, don haka kudan zuma suna da wani bangare na wannan aikin da yafi dacewa.
Bazuwar kwayoyin halitta
Mun san cewa gidan yanar sadarwar abinci yana da matukar rikitarwa kuma akwai matakai mabambanta dangane da aikin kowace kwayar halitta. Kudaje suna da rawar gurɓataccen dabbobin ƙwayoyin halitta. Wannan yana nufin cewa a lokacin matakin tsutsa sune dabbobi masu saprophagous. Wannan yana nufin cewa abinci na ƙudaje lokacin da suke larvae yawanci ana bayar dashi ta hanyar ragowar wasu halittu ko rayayyun halittu, walau kayan marmari ne ko na dabbobi. Misali, tashi tsutsa mai cin abincin gawawwakin dabbobin da suka mutu, sauran najasar wasu dabbobi, ragowar ganyen da suka mutu, da sauransu.
Hakanan suna zama abinci ga sauran rayayyun halittu wadanda abincinsu kwari ne. Wannan ya sa ya zama yana da muhimmin aiki a daidaitaccen yanayin yanayin halittu. Su vectors ne na orananan ƙwayoyin cuta, don haka suna iya yada ƙwayoyin cuta da cututtuka ga sauran dabbobi. Wannan aikin Zai iya zama cutarwa ga mutane tunda shima yana iya watsa cututtuka ga karnuka da dawakai, dabbobi kusa da 'yan adam.
Gudun aiki a cikin yankuna: kulawar kwari
Babban mahimmin aiki na tashi a cikin halittu shine kwari. Waɗannan kwari suna da alhakin tsara wasu daga cikin dabbobin da ke da lahani ga tsirrai da dabbobi. Wasu daga cikin wadannan dabbobin sune kwari, kwari, kwari, da sauransu. Har ila yau ka tuna cewa kudaje na iya zama kwari a karkashin wasu halaye.
Kwarin kwari sune wadanda suke cin kwari. Yawancin kudaje da sauran kwari na kungiyar Diptera wasu manyan hanyoyin abinci ne na wadannan dabbobi.
Ina fatan cewa da wannan bayanin zaku iya koya game da gudummawar kuda a cikin halittu da mahimmancin da suke da shi.