A yau za mu yi magana ne game da wani nau’in samar da wutar lantarki wanda ke amfani da man fetur don wannan. Labari ne game da Takin wutar lantarki mai zafi. Yana ɗayan ɗayan keɓaɓɓun wurare masu amfani da yanayin zafi wanda babban mai shine kwal. Kamar yadda muka sani, gawayi iyakanceccen man burbushin halittu ne wanda ke da kwanan wata ƙarancin lalacewa. Bugu da kari, mun san manyan matsalolin sa gurbatar muhalli da lalacewar tsarin halitta.
A cikin wannan sakon zamuyi bayanin dukkan halaye da mahimmancin masana'antar wutar lantarki ta Compostilla.
Babban fasali
Wannan masana'antar wutar ta thermal tana kunshe da girke-girke na thermoelectric na yau da kullun wanda babban mai shine kwal. Tana kusa da kogin Sil a cikin karamar hukumar Cubillos de Sí a lardin León. Wannan masana'antar wutar ta kunshi galibin kungiyoyi masu zafi wadanda zasu iya samar da kimanin megawatt 4. Mallakar kamfanin wani bangare ne na Endesa.
Daga wannan takamaiman kamfanin wutar lantarkin akwai nau'uka biyu. A gefe guda muna da wutar lantarki mai samar da Compostilla I, wanda shine farkon masana'antar samar da Endesa kuma An ƙaddamar da shi a cikin manyan 50 a Ponferrada. Daga baya, saboda tsananin bukatar makamashi a cikin karuwar jama'a da ci gaba da ci gaba, an kirkiri wani kamfanin samar da wutar lantarki mai suna Compostilla II a cikin shekarun 60. Ya fara aiki a shekarar 1972 kuma shi ne tashar wutar lantarki ta zafin rana ta biyu wacce ke da muhimmanci a duk Spain.
Ofaya daga cikin fannoni masu mahimmanci waɗanda kowace tashar wutar lantarki ke buƙata ta kasance wuri ne na sanyaya. A wannan halin, ya zama dole a gina katangar Bárcena a cikin tafkin Sil don aiwatar da waɗannan ayyukan firinji. Wannan tsiron yana da hayaki biyu babban rawanin tsawo na mita 270 da 290 bi da bi da kuma wasu hasumiyoyi masu sanyaya abu biyu.
An tsara asalin wannan wutar lantarki mai amfani da zafin jiki ne don amfani da kwal daga kogin El Bierzo da Laciana. Koyaya, yayin da tashar wutar lantarki mai ɗumi take samun daraja da kuma buƙatar makamashi tana ƙaruwa, wannan amfani da kwal ya ƙaru da yawa daga coke mai daɗin shigo da shi, wanda hakan yasa gurɓataccen yanayi ya fi yadda yake.
Asalin man fetur daga masana'antar wutar lantarki ta Compostilla
Kashi 70% na kwal da aka yi amfani da shi don wannan wutar lantarki mai amfani da ɗumi na ƙasa ne. Babban kamfanin da ke ba da kwal ga wannan shuka shine tsire-tsire na Coto Minero Cantábrico, tare da tan miliyan 2 na kwal a kowace shekara.
Kungiyoyin wannan shuka sunkai 3, 4 da 5 suna da damar iya zartar da ruwa wanda ake amfani da shi don cire sulfur dioxide hakan yana samuwa a cikin iskar gas. Wannan lalata shi yana da ingantaccen fasaha wanda ke iya rage gurɓataccen yanayi.
A shekara ta 2008 Endesa sun ba da sanarwar cewa za su maye gurbin rukuni na 1, 2 da 3 don canza hawan su zuwa haɗakar iskar gas. Babban makasudin wannan canjin shine a iya zamanantar da dukkan kayan aiki tare da dacewa da sabbin ka'idojin tasirin muhalli. Tunda gawayi yana ɗaya daga cikin gurɓataccen burbushin halittu a duniya kuma yana haifar da babban ɓangare na tasirin gurɓataccen gurɓataccen gurɓataccen gurɓataccen gurɓataccen yanayi kuma, a matsayin babban sakamako, canjin yanayi, an yanke shawarar canzawa zuwa gas.
Kari akan haka, daya daga cikin manyan fa'idodi da ake bayarwa ta hanyar girka hadadden gas wanda za'a iya hada shi dashi shine za'a iya samun nasara sau biyu a yanzu. A 2007 tsakiya Tana da ma'aikata 238 wanda ya sa ta zama ɗayan mahimman masana'antu a cikin yankin. Koyaya, saboda iskar kwal ɗin kuma itace ta biyar mafi gurɓataccen tsire-tsire a cikin ƙasar baki ɗaya.
Gyara aikin shuka wutar lantarki
Dangane da dokokin kiyaye haɗarin muhalli da na aiki masu zuwa waɗanda aka sake fasalin su a kan lokaci, masana'antar samar da wutar lantarki ta Compostilla dole ma ta dace da sabon yanayin. A shekara ta 2012, an ƙaddamar da sabon tsarin wanda ya hana aukuwar gobara. Sabon abu wannan nau'in tsarin shine cewa ba cutarwa bane ga lemar ozone.
Dole ne kuma mu ambaci canjin haɗin keɓaɓɓu tare da iskar gas don samun ninki biyu na ƙarfi yayin rage haɓakar iskar gas.
Wani karin gyare-gyare na kamfanin wutar lantarki na Compostilla shine karuwarsa saboda damuwa da wayewar kai don inganta al'adun muhalli. Kuma shine wannan masana'antar wutar ta zafin rana ta ɗauki matakan ilimi da yawa don haɓaka dorewa da ƙimar makamashi. Ta wannan hanyar, an yi niyyar ilimantarwa ta hanyar muhalli don rage tasirin muhalli a duk masana'antu da biranen.
Kada mu manta cewa tushen buƙatun makamashi shi ne cin ƙarshe da ƙimar rayuwa. Ya zaɓa don gudanar da ayyuka da yawa a cikin wannan filin mayar da hankali kan inganta dorewar bangaren makamashi. Akwai 'yan ayyukan da aka tsara musamman don rage tasirin muhalli na ayyukan masana'antu. Bugu da kari, abin da suke kokarin shine inganta al'adun muhalli ta hanyar duk wadannan dabarun ilimi na kowane zamani. Ingancin kuzari na mahalli na cikin gida shine ɗayan shahararrun haɓaka na masana'antar wutar lantarki ta Compostilla.
Duk wannan ya faru ne saboda gaskiyar cewa, bayan duk, gida shine inda aka samar da ɗayan mafi girman buƙatun makamashi a matakin birni gabaɗaya. Babban haƙiƙa shine a horar da dukkan wadannan iyalai wadanda ke da rauni wajen inganta kudinsu na wutar lantarki. Wannan shine yadda zai yiwu a ba da wasu shawarwari don ƙarin kuzarin amfani da makamashi da ragin farashin lissafin wutar lantarki na ƙarshe. Zuwa yau, gidaje 241 sun ci gajiyar wannan shirin na karancin makamashi na kowane sami kimanin kimanin adadi na 36% akan kuɗin ku.
Kamar yadda kuke gani, wannan masana'antar itace ta haifar da gurbatar yanayi a kasar Sipaniya Ina fatan cewa da wannan bayanin zaku iya samun karin bayani game da kamfanin samar da wutar lantarki na Compostilla.