Ruwan sama ya tafi da sinadarin aikin gona zuwa Mar Menor

A aikin noma ana amfani da su adadi mai yawa na sunadarai don hanzarta aiwatar da tsire-tsire, inganta girbi don guje wa kwari, ciyawa, da sauransu. Duk wadannan ayyukan ana zubar da sinadarai akan amfanin gona. Wadannan sunadarai sun fado kasa kuma tana sha. Abin da mutane da yawa ba sa tsammani shi ne cewa waɗannan ƙwayoyin sunadarai sun ƙare da gurɓata ruwan ƙasa wanda muka samo shi.

Hawan ruwan sama mafi nauyi, kamar waɗanda muke da su a cikin 'yan watannin nan, suna ɗaukar yawancin waɗannan ƙwayoyin da ke cutar da lafiyar ɗan adam. Ana wanke waɗannan sinadarai a cikin Mar Menor. Me za a yi don kauce wa jawowa zuwa lagoon?

Sinadaran da Tarayyar Turai ta haramta

Sinadaran da ake zubarwa a cikin aikin gona sune magungunan ƙwari, ciyawar ciyawa, takin gargajiya ko ƙari na jirgin sama. Duk waɗannan sunadarai suna da guba sosai ga lafiyar ɗan adam kuma Kungiyar Tarayyar Turai ta dakatar da shi. A wannan halin, saboda ruwan sama mai karfi da ya ja su zuwa Mar Menor, an tilasta musu su nemi kulawa a tushen asalin amfani da su don gujewa isowar waɗannan gurɓatattun abubuwa zuwa Mar Menor.

An gudanar da bincike kan kasancewa da rarraba sararin samaniya da na lokacin kwari na magungunan ƙwari a cikin marine mara ƙyau na Mar Menor a cikin 2009 da 2010 da tasirin ruwan sama mai ƙarfi. An gudanar da su ta hanyar masu bincike daga Cibiyar Muryar teku ta Murcia, Ruben Moreno-González da Víctor Manuel León. Bugu da ƙari, an buga wannan binciken a cikin Kimiyyar Muhalli da Binciken Gurɓata a Janairu na 2017.

Wannan binciken yana yin matukar kokarin sanin asalin wadannan magungunan kashe kwari da kuma hango yaduwar su a cikin yanayin ruwan sama. Bayan nazarin asalin magungunan kwari da suka isa lagoon, an kammala cewa yawancin wadannan magungunan kashe kwari suna shiga ta sanannen titi na El Albujón, bayan lokutan ruwan sama mai karfi.

Menene ainihin magungunan da aka zubar a cikin Mar Menor?

Binciken ya gudanar da cikakken bincike kan dukkan wadannan sinadarai da ake amfani da su a harkar noma, amma hakan ya kare a Mar Menor saboda jan damina. Daga cikin abubuwan da aka bincika, manyan matakan terbutylazine, chlorpyrifos da tributylphosphate.

Terbutylazine shine maganin ciyawar ciyawa, blacklist ta ISTAS na abubuwa masu matukar illa ga lafiya da muhalli, kasancewar su masu cutar kansa, mai guba don haifuwa, mai kawo cikas ga endocrin, wayar da kan jama'a, cutar da ke tattare da kwayoyin cuta. A cikin binciken, an samo terbutylazine don ya wuce matsayin ƙimar ingancin muhalli don chlorpyrifos. Wannan maganin kashe kwari ne wanda ake amfani dashi a harkar noma mai matukar illa ga lafiyar dan adam da halittun ruwa, kuma an sanya su a cikin jerin bakaken ISTAS, ban da haramcin biocide da EU.

Wannan maganin kashe ciyawar ana ɗauke dashi ta hanyar yanayin ruwan sama kuma ya isa Mar Menor ta hanyar magudanar ruwa na Salinas de San Pedro, ta bakin Ramblas na El Albujón, Miranda da La Maraña da rairayin bakin teku na La Hita.

Sauran sinadarin da aka gano wanda ya isa Mar Menor shine tributyl phosphate. Yana da ƙari wanda aka yi amfani dashi a cikin injunan jirgin sama kuma ana amfani dashi azaman sauran ƙarfi. ISTAS ta haramta shi don zama neurotoxic. Hakanan yana ƙarƙashin kimantawa don haɗarin lafiya. Ya shiga Mar Menor don amfani da shi a cikin masana'antu, jirgin sama ko ayyukan soja.

Ta yaya za mu hana waɗannan abubuwan gurɓataccen gurɓatacciyar iska zuwa Mar Menor?

Don hana gurɓatattun abubuwa su isa Mar Menor, dole ne a sarrafa shi daga asalinsa. Ididdigar waɗannan abubuwa kuma, sama da duka, dole ne a sarrafa tasirin da suke da shi a tsakanin su. Wato, adadin waɗannan sunadarai sun ƙazantar da juna fiye da kowane ɗayansu daban. Wannan shine ake kira haɗin kai.

Mafi shahararrun abubuwan da ake gurɓata waɗannan lalatattun abubuwa zuwa lagoon sune saman ruwa daga abubuwan ruwan sama, ta ruwan karkashin kasa ta hanyar tacewa da kuma sanya yanayin yanayi.

Don lalata wannan barazanar, dole ne a hana yin amfani da chlorpyrifos da terbutylazine da sauran magungunan ƙwari a cikin ciyawar Mar Menor da Campo de Cartagena ta hanyar tsarin doka.