La muhalli sawun manuniya ce da ake amfani da ita don fahimtar matakin tasirin zamantakewa a ƙasa. An gabatar da wannan ra'ayi a cikin 1996 akan shawarar masanin tattalin arziki William Rees da masanin muhalli Mattis Wackernagel. Wannan mai nuna alama yana taimaka mana mu san ƙarfin sabuntawar duniya da kuma yadda muke cin albarkatun da ake da su. Dan Adam a kowace shekara yana cinye duk albarkatun da ake samu a duniyar tamu a baya, don haka muna kaiwa ga rushewar muhalli.
A cikin wannan labarin za mu gaya muku duk abin da kuke buƙatar sani game da sawun muhalli, menene halayensa da mahimmancin sa.
Menene sawun muhalli
Sawun muhalli manuniya ce ga tasirin zamantakewar muhalli. Ta wannan hanyar, yana auna tasirin buƙatu akan albarkatun ƙasa na duniya, wanda ke da alaƙa da ikon sake sabunta waɗannan albarkatun.
A takaice dai, an bayyana shi gaba ɗaya azaman yankin samar da muhalli, wanda ya zama dole don samar da albarkatun da talakawa ke amfani da su a cikin wata al'umma. A cikin wannan ma'aunin, ana ƙara farfajiyar da ake buƙata don ƙasa ta iya sharar sharar da wannan ɗan ƙasa talakawa ke samarwa.
An bayyana sawun muhallin a matsayin yanki na muhallin muhalli da ake buƙata don samar da albarkatun da ake amfani da su tare da haɗe sharar da wasu jama'a ke samarwa. Yi la'akari da takamaiman matsayin rayuwar ku har abada. Godiya ga sawun muhalli, zamu iya tantance tasirin wani nau'in rayuwa a doron ƙasa. Sabili da haka, alama ce da aka yi amfani da ita don auna ci gaba mai ɗorewa.
Lissafi na sawun muhalli
Don ƙididdige sawun muhalli, akwai hanyoyin kimantawa da dabaru daban -daban. Koyaya, waɗanda aka fi amfani da su suna la'akari da abubuwa masu zuwa:
- Yankunan da ake buƙata don abubuwan da ake buƙata na shuka.
- Yawan kadada gandun daji da ake buƙata don rufe carbon dioxide da amfani da makamashi ke samarwa.
- Yankin teku da ake buƙata don samar da kifi.
- Yawan kadada da ake buƙata don gonakin dabbobi da samar da abinci.
Duk da lissafin akai -akai, a bayyane yake cewa akwai matsaloli wajen samun cikakkiyar hanyar karɓa. A cikin wannan ma'anar, muna magana ne game da mai nuna alama a cikin ci gaba, don haka babu wata hanyar lissafin bayyananniya.
Bayyanar wannan ra'ayi ya samo asali tun 1996. Masanin tattalin arziki William Rees da masanin ilimin halittu Mathis Wackernagel sun yi ƙoƙarin nemo hanyar da za ta ba wa ɗan adam damar fahimtar ɗorewar salon rayuwa na yanzu. Maƙasudin maƙasudin lissafinsa shine yin nazarin mai nuna alama wanda zai iya tantance dorewar ƙasa a ƙarƙashin yanayi na yau da kuma tasirin ƙazantar ɗan adam akan ta. Wannan koyaushe don tallafawa samfurin samarwa mai ɗorewa.
Don wannan, waɗannan masu binciken sun mai da hankali kan ƙididdigar alamomi kamar yankin da ake buƙata don samar da abincin shuka da ake buƙata, adadin kadada na gandun daji da ake buƙata don tallafawa carbon dioxide da ake samu ta hanyar amfani da makamashi, yankin tekun da ake buƙata don samar da kifi da adadin kadada da ake buƙata don kiwo. Ciyar da dabbobi da samar da abincin dabbobi.
Waɗannan alamun, bayan an haɗa su cikin jerin samfuran algorithm, suna ba da tasirin tasirin wasu jama'a a doron ƙasa. Ta wannan hanyar an ƙirƙiri mai nuna alama, wanda gwamnatoci da yawa ke amfani da shi akai -akai. Koyaya, masu suka da yawa sun yi imanin cewa ƙirar ba ta kafa ƙa'idodi masu inganci don la'akari da ci gaba sosai. Wasu masu binciken sun gano iyakan wannan alamar kuma ba za a iya lissafta ta a ƙarƙashin wasu yanayi ba.
Nau'i da muhimmanci
Daga ma'aunin da aka yi, za mu iya raba nau'ikan sawun muhalli zuwa kashi uku:
- Kai tsaye: Yi la'akari da aiki kai tsaye kan yanayi.
- Kai tsaye: yana yin la’akari da illolin halitta a kaikaice.
- Tafkin gama -gari: Yi la'akari da tasirin ƙungiyoyin al'umma a duniyar nan.
Koyaya, tunda wannan alamar tana kan ci gaba, ban da waɗannan alamun, sabbin ƙimar na iya bayyana. Alamar sawun muhalli alama ce da dole ne a bunƙasa da inganta ta. Amfani da shi yana da fa'ida sosai ga duniyar saboda muna magana ne game da halin da ake ciki, kamar yadda aka nuna ta alamun, amfani da albarkatun ƙasa na iya zama mai dorewa cikin dogon lokaci.
Sakamakon sawun muhalli, za mu iya yin amfani da hanyoyin samarwa waɗanda ke haɓaka dorewar duniya. Dorewa ba zai iya ƙara tsawon rayuwar duniya da tsarinta kawai ba, har ma yana inganta ingancin rayuwar 'yan ƙasa da ke zaune a ciki. To, saboda sawun muhalli, ana iya gujewa cututtuka da dama da mutane ke haifarwa da sharar su. Kamar sauran nau'ikan nau'ikan ban da mutane, ingancin rayuwarsu kuma ya inganta godiya ga wannan mai nuna alama.
Nasihu don rage shi
Don rage sawun muhalli, dole ne a magance fannoni daban -daban. Anan akwai wasu nasihu don taimaka muku yin hakan. Hakanan zasu iya amfani da su akan wasu sawun, kamar ruwa ko carbon, saboda duk suna da alaƙa.
Gidaje mai dorewa
- Yi amfani da ƙananan kwararan fitila.
- Shigar da bango da rufi.
- Gilashi biyu masu kyalli.
- Yi amfani da na'urori masu amfani da makamashi.
- Maimaita duk abin da aka cinye daidai.
Dorewar sufuri
- Yi amfani da safarar jama'a maimakon motoci masu zaman kansu don taimakawa rage gurɓataccen iska.
- Kada ku fitar da gurbatattun motoci.
- Tafiya ko kekuna hanya ce mafi dorewa don tafiya cikin birane.
- Gara tafiya da jirgin ƙasa ko bas fiye da jirgin sama.
Adana makamashi
- Yin amfani da mafi ƙarancin zafin jiki mai yuwuwa don dumama hunturu yana ɗaya daga cikin ingantattun hanyoyin rage ƙafar muhalli.
- Rage amfani da kwandishan a lokacin bazara.
- Cire na'urar lantarki lokacin da bata aiki.
- Bushe tufafinku ta halitta ba tare da yin amfani da na'urar bushewa ba.
- Ka guji amfani da samfuran da ake iya yarwa kuma idan kuna yi, koyaushe ku nemi hanyar da ta dace don maimaita su.
- Ka ba dukkan abubuwa rayuwa ta biyu.
- Rage amfani da ruwa don duk dalilai.
- Guji amfani da filastik gwargwadon iko (kodayake ana iya sake sarrafa shi nan gaba).
Abinci mai dorewa
- Sayi abinci na gida da na yanayi (don gujewa safarar nesa da gurɓatawa).
- Ku ci abincin da ba kasafai ake amfani da shi ba ko kuma ba sa amfani da magungunan kashe ƙwari da taki a tsarin samarwa.
- Rage cin nama: Masana'antar nama tana haifar da yawan iskar gas.
- Gujewa siyan samfuran da ke ɗauke da dabino da abinci mai sarrafawa wata muhimmiyar shawara ce don rage sawun muhalli da kare gandun daji na kudu maso gabashin Asiya.
Ina fatan cewa tare da wannan bayanin zaku iya ƙarin koyo game da sawun muhalli da mahimmancin sa.