Filastik wani abu ne wanda ya zama wani abu na amfanin yau da kullun duka na yau da kullun da na masana'antu. Yau da mun rayu ba tare da robobi ba tunda muna amfani da shi kusan a komai. Koyaya, akwai da yawa nau'ikan robobi ya danganta da amfani da za'a bayar da kuma asalin asalinsa. Abubuwan da ke cikin robobi suna da matukar juriya ga lalacewa da yanayin ke haifarwa. Wannan yana sanya kasancewarta cikin yanayi matsalar muhalli.
A cikin wannan labarin zamu gaya muku game da nau'ikan filastik da halaye na ainihi.
Raba nau'ikan robobi
Domin rarraba robobi akwai hanyoyi da yawa. Ofayan su shine rarraba su ta amfani da alamu daban-daban. Tabbas kun ga alamar sake amfani da lamba akan wasu samfuran. Wannan ya ƙunshi lamba don sake yin robobi. An kira shi lambar gano resins ko lambar shaidar roba ta ƙungiyar filastik da masana'antu. Dogaro da nau'in lambar, zai sami abubuwa daban-daban da abun da ke ciki. Bari mu ga menene manyan nau'ikan robobi:
- PET ko PETE (polyethylene terephthalate).
- HDPE (babban polyetylen).
- PVC (polyvinyl chloride).
- LDPE (Dananan Tsarin Polyethylene).
- PP (Propylene).
- PS (Polystyrene).
- Sauran robobi.
Nau'in robobi
PET ko PETE filastik
Yana da game polyetylen terephthalate. Daya daga cikin halayenta shine cewa a bayyane yake kuma baya zufa. Yana daya daga cikin kayanda aka sake yin amfani dasu tunda an same su a kunshin roba, kwalabe, kwantena abinci da sauran kayan. Yana ɗaya daga cikin mafi yawan amfani kuma tabbas zaku sami alama ta kibiyoyi 3 da suka kafa alwatika. Wannan yana nuna cewa za'a iya sake sarrafa samfurin kuma yakamata a zuba shi cikin kwandon rawaya.
Filastik HDPE
Wannan shi ne nau'in filastik da ake kira high-density polyethylene. A cikin kwantena da kayayyakin da aka yi da irin wannan filastik, ana samun lamba 2 a cikin alwatika mai alfahari. Ana samun wannan kayan a cikin kayayyaki kamar su tetrabriks, wasu kwandunan abinci, kwantena na kwalliya, kayayyakin tsafta, wasu bututu, da dai sauransu. Duk waɗannan kayan dole ne a sake yin amfani dasu a cikin akwatin rawaya.
PVC filastik
An fi saninsa da sunan PVC. Yana da polyvinyl chloride kuma ana amfani dashi don yin magudanar ruwa, igiyoyi, bututu, wasu kwalabe da karafes. Hakanan za'a iya samun sa a cikin rumfunan zirga-zirga, kwalabe masu wankin ruwa, da wasu kunshin abinci. Ya bayyana cewa yana ɗayan nau'ikan robobi masu haɗari ga lafiyar da muhalli. Ana iya gano shi cikin sauƙin azaman lambar lambar 3 ce.
Filastik LDPE
An kira shi low-density polyethylene. Ana gudanar da tantancewar ta lambar da lambar ta 4. Wani nau'in roba ne da za'a iya sake yin amfani da shi jakunkuna masu daskararre, jakar shara, takardar kicin mai haske, kwalban filastik masu laushi, da dai sauransu Hakanan ana sake yin amfani da waɗannan robobin a cikin kwandon ruwan rawaya.
PP filastik
Tabbas zai zama ɗayan sanannen sanannen da za'a same shi a cikin shararrun shaye-shaye, murfi da kwantena na kwantena. Labari ne game da polypropylene. Ana iya gano shi ta yin alama ta lamba 5 a cikin alamar kibiyoyi.
PS filastik
An san shi da suna polystyrene kuma ana samun sa tare da alama tare da lambar lamba 6 tsakanin kiban. Mun samo wasu kayan wasa, kayan yanka, farin abin toshewa da marufi waɗanda ake amfani dasu don ajiya. Hakanan ana amfani dashi don marufi da kariya na kayan lantarki da kayan aikin gida. Shine farin abin toshe kwalaba wanda ya faɗi baya.
Sauran nau'ikan robobi
Akwai wasu nau'ikan robobi waɗanda ba na kowane ɗayan waɗanda aka ambata a cikin rabewar da ta gabata ba. Wasu filastik ana iya banbanta su gwargwadon girman su kuma an riga an haɗa su da macro ko micro. Hakanan za'a iya rarraba shi bisa karfin iya lalacewa, ba tare da la’akari da ko sun sake yin amfani da su a cikin tsire-tsire ba. Zamu bayyana muku wasu daga cikin manyan nau'ikan robobi wadanda ba a hada su da rabe-raben baya:
Bioplastics
Su ne waɗanda ake samarwa tare da albarkatun ƙasa waɗanda ke da ilimin halitta da sabuntawa. Waɗannan robobin ba sa cutar da mahalli kuma suna da amfani mai kyau. Su ne kamar haka:
- Sitaci na PLA (polylactic acid)
- Sugar kara don ethylene.
- Sugarcane don polyethylene.
Filastik mai lalacewa
Mutane da yawa suna rikita su da abin da ke sama kuma suna da ƙananan nuances daban-daban. Kuma wannan game da waɗancan nau'ikan robobi ne waɗanda aka yi su da kayan abu wanda wasu ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta zasu iya lalata su. Waɗannan ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta suna buƙatar cikakken yanayin muhalli saboda suna iya canza filastik zuwa biomass, gas da ruwa.
Kayan zafi mai zafi
Waɗannan su ne waɗanda ke da halayyar narkewa yayin zafi da lokacin da suka sanyaya sai su koma ga daidaitaccen yanayi. Su polymer ne waɗanda ke da ikon narkewa da sake fasalta su. Amfanin waɗannan robobi shine cewa wannan fasalin kuma yana ci gaba har abada. Saboda wannan nau'in halayyar sinadarai, ana sake yin amfani da sinadarin thermoplastics ta hanyar sake amfani da injin. Daga cikin wadannan mutanen muna da su polyvinyl chloride, polypropylene, polyethylene da polycarbonate, da sauransu.
Roba ta Thermoset
Kamar yadda kalmarsa take nuna, su kayan aiki ne da zarar an mai da su kuma an tsara su, ana iya sake narke su ko kuma haɗa su. Sabili da haka, ba za su iya canza fasalin da zarar an canza su ba. Wasu misalai sune masu zuwa: roba roba, vulcanized halitta roba, polyurethanes, silicones, epoxy guduro, a tsakanin wasu.
Microplastics
Su ne waɗanda a halin yanzu aka san su suna ɗaya daga cikin manyan abubuwan da ke gurɓata mahalli kuma hakan na da babban haɗari ga lafiyar kowa. Areananan ƙananan ƙwayoyin roba ne waɗanda suka samo asali daga wasu abubuwan ƙayyadadden mai. Girmanta bai wuce 5 mm ba, don haka ba za'a iya yaba da wanzuwarsa ba Ana iya haɗa shi ta hanyar jerin abincin da ke zuwa daga teku.
Ina fatan cewa tare da wannan bayanin zaku iya ƙarin koyo game da nau'ikan robobi da ainihin halayensu.