Michael Faraday Ya kasance masanin kimiyyar Biritaniya na mafi shaharar karni na XNUMX. An haife shi a cikin dangin mai ƙasƙantar da kai kuma ya sami damar karɓar ilimi na asali don daga baya ya sami horo a duniyar kimiyya. Dole ne ya yi aiki tun yana ƙarami a matsayin ɗan kawo jaridu don biyan kuɗin karatunsa. Ya kasance ɗayan masana kimiyya waɗanda suka ba da gudummawa ga ci gaba da yawa a fannin ilimin kimiya da kimiyyar lissafi.
Saboda haka, zamu sadaukar da wannan labarin don gaya muku duk tarihin rayuwar ku da kuma amfanin Michael Faraday.
Tarihin rayuwar Michael Faraday
Labari ne game da mutumin da dole ne ya yi aiki tun yana ƙarami a matsayin mutumin da ke kawo jaridu don ya biya kuɗin karatunsa. Yana dan shekara 14 kawai, ya riga ya sami kantin sayar da littattafai inda yake aiki. A nan ne ya sami damar ganin wasu labaran kimiyya wadanda suka ba shi kwarin gwiwar aiwatar da gwaje-gwajensa na farko. Ya kamata a tuna cewa kafin a sami karancin gudummawar kimiyya, don haka ya fi sauki a iya sadaukar da kai ga bangarori daban-daban na kimiyya. Koyaya, a halin yanzu, keɓancewa ya zama dole tunda ilimin da yake kusan a kusan kowane reshe na ilimin kimiya yana da faɗi sosai wanda zaka iya sadaukar da rayuwar ka gaba ɗaya ga wannan ƙananan ɓangaren ilimin.
Misali, a zamanin da muna iya ganin wannan mutumin za su iya zama masanin kimiyyar kasa, ilmin kimiyyar halittu, mai ilimin tsirrai da kemistist a lokaci guda. Wannan na iya kasancewa lamarin tun kafin a samu karancin bayanai a kowane bangare na ilimin kimiyya. A yau, akwai bayanai da yawa da yawa da za a yi wanda mai ilimin tsirrai dole ne ya kware a reshe na ciki a cikin ilimin tsirrai kuma zai iya sadaukar da rayuwarsa duka gare shi.
Bayan halartar laccoci daban-daban kan ilmin sunadarai, ya sami damar neman Humphry Davy ya karbe shi a matsayin mataimaki a dakin binciken sa. Lokacin da ɗaya daga cikin mataimakansa ya bar aikin, wannan mutumin ya miƙa shi ga Faraday. Daga nan ne kuma ya sami damar yin fice a fannin ilmin sunadarai. Wasu daga abubuwan da Michael Faraday ya gano shine benzene kuma farkon sanannun halayen maye gurbi. A cikin waɗannan halayen wutsiyar, sami mahaɗin sarkar carbon mai ƙanshi daga ethylene. A baya can wannan babban bincike ne.
A wannan lokacin zamu ga cewa masanin kimiyya Hans Christian Oersted ya gano sassan maganadisu wadanda ke samarwa ta hanyoyin lantarki. Godiya ga waɗannan gwaje-gwajen, Michael Faraday ya sami damar haɓaka keɓaɓɓen motar lantarki da aka sani. Tun a shekarar 1831 ya yi aiki tare da Charles Wheatstone kuma ya bincika abubuwan da ke tattare da shigar da lantarki. Da zarar wadannan karatun suka fara, Faraday ya kware a fannin ilimin maganadisun lantarki. Ya sami damar lura cewa maganadisu wanda ke motsawa ta cikin kewaya shine wanda ke haifar da wutar lantarki. Wannan ya bamu damar rubuta dokar da ke kula da samar da lantarki ta hanyar maganadisu.
Nazarin Kimiyya na Michael Faraday
Wani daga cikin gwaje-gwajen da ya iya aiwatarwa wasu gwaje-gwajen lantarki ne. Wadannan gwaje-gwajen sun bashi damar ya danganta al'amari da wutar lantarki kai tsaye. A hankali ya lura da yadda ake ajiye gishirin da ke cikin kwayar wutan lantarki lokacin da wutar lantarki ta wuce. Godiya ga waɗannan gwaje-gwajen, ya iya tantancewa cewa adadin abin da aka ajiye yayi daidai da adadin wutan lantarki da yake zagayawa. Don wutar lantarki da aka ba, nauyin daban-daban na abubuwan da aka ajiye suna da alaƙa kai tsaye da kwatankwacin sunadaran su.
Abubuwan da aka gano da Michael Faraday sun kasance masu yanke shawara don ci gaban ilimin sunadarai. Kuma shine cewa yayi gwaje-gwaje da yawa akan karatun electromagnetism. Wannan shine yadda wasu gudummawar da suka biyo baya ga waɗannan karatun waɗanda muka gani suka kasance tabbatattu ga ci gaban kimiyyar lissafi. Suchaya daga cikin irin waɗannan binciken shine ka'idar lantarki da James Clerk Maxwell ya gabatar. Wannan ka'idar ta dogara ne akan aikin farko wanda Michael Faraday ya aiwatar.
Gano abubuwa
Daga cikin abubuwan da aka gano da kuma ba da gudummawa ga kimiyya akwai wanzuwar diamagnetism. Ya sami damar tabbatar da cewa wani maganadisu yana da karfin juyawa jirgin haske mai haske wanda ke ratsawa ta wasu nau'ikan gilashi. An gano tasirin Faraday a shekarar 1845. Wannan tasirin ba komai bane face karkatar da jirgin saman kerawa daga haske sakamakon wani maganadisu dake wucewa ta wani abu mai haske gaba daya.
Shekaru daga baya ya sami damar yin rubutu game da sarrafa sinadarai, binciken gwaji na lantarki da gwajin gwaji a kimiyyar lissafi da ilmin sunadarai.
Abunda ya fara ganowa akan electromagnetism ya faru ne a 1821. Ta hanyar maimaita gwajin Oersted da allurar maganadisu a wurare daban-daban kusa da wayar ta kai tsaye. Godiya ga wannan gwajin, ya sami damar gano cewa zaren yana kewaye da layuka marasa iyaka waɗanda suke da madauwari da ƙarfin haɗuwa. Mun sani cewa duk wannan saitin layin ƙarfin maganadisu ne wanda ke samuwa tare da ƙarfin lantarki. Michael Faraday ne ya gabatar da shirin Be Finished.
Ya gano cewa lokacin da aka wuce wutar lantarki ta cikin murfin, ana samar da wani yanayin na gajeren lokaci a cikin wani murfin da ke kusa. Wannan binciken ya nuna muhimmin matsayi a ci gaban kimiyya da zamantakewar sa gaba ɗaya. Kuma shine yau ake amfani dashi don samar da wutar lantarki a kan babban sikelin a cikin cibiyoyin wutar lantarki. Har ila yau lamarin yana nuna mana wani sabon abu game da lantarki da kuma maganadisu. Ana iya cewa Michael Faraday shi ne mahaifin injiniyan lantarki.
Shekarun da suka gabata
A shekarun da suka gabata na rayuwarsa yayi watsi da kaidar ruwa da maganadisu domin yin bayani akan lantarki da maganadisu tare da gabatar da dabarun layuka da layuka. Waɗannan ra'ayoyin sun kasance suna iya bayyana wutar lantarki da maganadisu kuma sun zo sun bar bayanin makircin halittu. Albert Einstein ya bayyana wannan hadewar sabbin ka'idoji a matsayin babban canji a kimiyyar lissafi. Koyaya, sun jira shekaru da yawa har sai dukkan ra'ayoyin zahirin suna iya zama alama ta gama gari. Kuma shine cewa layukan filin Faraday sun jira wasu fewan shekaru kafin masu ilimin kimiyya su yarda dasu sosai.
Kamar yadda muka nuna a baya, wani al'amarin da Faraday ya iya ganowa, kodayake ba a san shi sosai ba, Tasiri ne na maganadisu a kan katako mai haske mai haske. Wannan lamarin an san shi da tasirin Faraday. A ƙarshe, ya mutu a ranar 25 ga Agusta, 1867 a London.
Ina fatan cewa tare da wannan bayanin zaku iya ƙarin koyo game da Michael Faraday da gudummawar sa ga kimiyya.