Ana san shawan meteor a matsayin tasirin haske da ke faruwa lokacin da barbashi daga tsarin hasken rana suka buga yanayin duniya. Hanyoyin hasken da ake iya gani na daƙiƙa 3 zuwa 5 a sararin sama na dare suna faruwa ne ta hanyar ionization na iskar gas da ɗumamar ɗumama tsakanin su da barbashi. Mutane da yawa ba su san da kyau ba menene meteor shower da yadda ake samu.
Saboda haka, za mu sadaukar da wannan labarin don gaya muku menene meteor shower, menene halayensa da mahimmancinsa.
menene meteor shower
Kamar ginin kowane gini na ɗan adam, samuwar tsarin hasken rana da ya bari ya rage a ƙarƙashin rinjayar ƙarfin jan hankalinsa. Kuma hakan bai haɗa da duk faifan da aka ɗauka ba tun lokacin. Kusa da tsarin hasken rana, fiye da iyakokin Pluto, suna zaune a sararin samaniya kamar su tauraro mai wutsiya da taurari.
A lokacin da daya daga cikin wadannan sana’o’in da ke kusa da rana, kusan ko da yaushe wani tauraro mai wutsiya na lokaci-lokaci, mu’amalar gravitational ta yi karfi sosai ta yadda wani nau’in nasa ya bace, ya bar wata hanya ta kewayawa. Ragowar barbashi suna da girma daga ɓangarorin ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta zuwa manyan ƙullun kwayoyin halitta, a ce, girman kimanin kilomita 100, wanda ake kira meteoroids. A duk lokacin da duniya ta tunkari ta kuma katse tagwayen taurarin dan adam, yiwuwar samun su yana karuwa.
Meteorites suna shiga cikin yanayin duniya cikin sauri, suna ci gaba da yin karo da kwayoyin halitta da kwayoyin halitta a kan hanyarsu kuma suna barin wasu makamashin motsin su. Wani bangare yana haifar da dumama meteoroid kanta.
A wani tsawo na kimanin kilomita 100, ionization na yanayi ya bar ɗan gajeren hanya mai haske, abin da muke la'akari da "tauraro mai harbi" ko "meteor shower". Dumama kusan ko da yaushe yana haifar da cikar ƙawancen jiki, amma idan yana da girma sosai, guda ɗaya ko fiye, ƙwallon wuta ko ƙwallon wuta, suna iya bugun ƙasa.
tarkacen Comet shine tushen kusan duk sanannun shawan meteor. Banda shi ne Geminid meteor shawa, shawan da ya bar bayan rabuwar asteroid 3200 Phaeton.
Main meteor shawa da halayen su
Ana iya ganin ruwan sama na meteor lokaci-lokaci a kowane dare domin sararin samaniyar da duniya ke kewayawa cike da barbashi wanda hanyoyinsu na iya zama kusan sabani.
Mafi ban mamaki meteor shawa yana faruwa a cikin shekarar lokacin Duniya na ratsa ta cikin kewayar wani tauraro mai wutsiya da ya karye, kuma ana ganin adadi mai yawa na taurari suna bin hanyar da ke haɗuwa a wani takamaiman wuri a sararin sama: mai haskakawa. Wannan shine tasirin hangen nesa.
Baya ga annuri, ruwan ruwan meteor kuma ana siffanta shi da ƙimar tauraro da ake iya gani na sa'o'i, ko ƙimar sa'a na zenith (THZ), wanda zai iya bambanta dangane da yanayin wurin mai kallo da sauran dalilai, kamar hasken yanayi. Akwai shirye-shirye akan Intanet waɗanda zasu iya ƙididdige ƙimar sa. A ƙarshe, akwai rabon girman da aka gani a cikin ruwan sama, wanda aka sani da ƙididdigar yawan jama'a.
Daga cikin shawawar taurari masu ma'anar ma'anarsu akwai Perseids. Don haka mai suna saboda haskensa yana cikin ƙungiyar taurarin Perseus kuma ana iya gani a farkon watan Agusta.
Wani shawa mai ban sha'awa mai ban sha'awa shine Leonids, waɗanda ake iya gani a watan Nuwamba kuma suna haskakawa a cikin ƙungiyar taurari na Leo. Gabaɗaya, akwai kusan gungu 50 masu suna bayan ƙungiyar taurari inda ake samun tauraro mafi kusa da haske ko haske.
Babban ruwan sama na meteor sune masu yawan awo/sa'a, kuma suna tsallaka sararin samaniya kowace shekara, suna bayyana akai-akai tsawon daruruwan shekaru. A ƙasa akwai jerin kwanakin da ake sa ran, tare da jagora don jin daɗin su a nan gaba.
Main meteor shawa da lokutan kallon su
Mafi girman ruwan sama yana ɗaukar kwanaki ko makonni yayin da duniya ke motsawa, yayin da mafi girman meteor na sa'o'i na faruwa a takamaiman rana ko biyu a mafi yawan. Ko da yake wannan iyakance ne na sabani, lokacin ƙidayar ya fi mita 10 a cikin sa'a, ana la'akari da shi a matsayin babban ruwan zafi.
Wasu ruwan sama ko da yaushe suna da ƙarfi iri ɗaya, yayin da wasu ke ƙaruwa lokaci zuwa lokaci, kamar Leonids kowane shekaru 33. har ma da kaiwa nau'in fashewar tauraro tare da ƙimar meteors 1000 ko fiye a cikin awa ɗaya. Yawancin ruwan zafi na meteor ana iya gani a fili daga sassan biyu, kodayake ana iya ganin wasu daga ɗayan ko ɗayan, dangane da radiation.
Ruwan sama tare da mafi kyawun gani a yankin arewa
- Labarai (Perseus, Yuli 16 zuwa Agusta 24, kololuwar Agusta 11 zuwa 13, 50 zuwa 100 meteors a kowace awa, wanda ya samo asali daga Comet Swift-Tuttle).
- Leonidas (Leo, Nuwamba 15-21, matsakaicin Nuwamba 17-18, asalinsa shi ne Haikali-Tuttle tauraro mai wutsiya, adadin taurari a kowace awa ya bambanta, gabaɗaya tsakanin 10 da 15. 1833, 1866 da 1966 tare da iyakar dubunnan meteors. a minti daya).
- Quadrantids (Boero constellation, marigayi Disamba zuwa farkon mako na Janairu, Janairu 3-4, fiye da 100 meteors a kowace awa, tushen rashin tabbas)
- Lyra (Lyra, matsakaita ruwan shawa daga Afrilu 16 zuwa 25, meteors 10-20 a kowace awa, yana fitowa daga Comet Thatcher 1861).
- Orionid meteor shawa (Orion, Oktoba, matsakaicin a kusa da Oktoba 21, 10-20 meteors a kowace awa, tauraruwar Halley ta bar ta).
- Kayan mata(Gemini, matsakaicin Disamba 13-14, 100-120 meteors/hour, wanda asteroid 3200 Phaeton ya kirkira).
- Draconids (Taurari na dodanni, suna fuskantar matsakaicin tsakanin Oktoba 8 zuwa 9, fiye da meteors 10 / awa, tauraro mai wutsiya na asali Giacobinie-Zinner).
- Taurus (Taurus, Comet Encke ta kudancin Taurus ana sa ran samun matsakaicin a kusa da Nuwamba 11 da arewacin Taurus a kusa da Nuwamba 13-14.)
Ruwan sama tare da mafi kyawun gani a yankin kudanci
Ana iya ganin wasu ruwan sama na meteor, irin su Perseids da Orionids, a sararin samaniyar kudu, ko da yake kadan kadan daga sararin sama, ana bukatar wani kebabben wuri da sararin sama. Ana iya ganin abubuwan da ke biyo baya a kudancin yankin kudu, musamman a lokacin watanni na hunturu na Yuli, Agusta, da Satumba:
- Eta Aquarids (Aquarius, ganuwa Afrilu-Mayu, iyakar Mayu 5-6, fiye da meteors 20 a kowace awa, hade da Halley's Comet).
- Delta Aquarids (Aquarius, daga farkon Yuli zuwa karshen watan Agusta, mafi girma a kusa da Yuli 29-30, fiye da 10 meteors a kowace awa, hade da tauraro mai wutsiya 96p Machholz 1).
- Alpha CapricornidsCapricornids, matsakaicin tsakanin Yuli 27 da 28, tushen rashin tabbas)
Ina fatan cewa tare da wannan bayanin za ku iya ƙarin koyo game da menene meteor shawa da kuma menene halayensa.