Gurbatar iska shine yake haifar da yawan mace-macen da kuma munanan cututtuka a kowace shekara. A cikin manyan birane kamar Madrid, Barcelona da Valladolid akwai kwanakin takunkumi na zirga-zirga a kowace shekara don rage tasirin gurɓataccen iska. Bugu da kari, wannan tasirin ya kara tabarbarewa ne sakamakon rashin ruwan sama.
Menene tasirin gurbatacciyar iska a cikin manyan birane?
Lalacewar gurbatawa
A shekara ne kusan mutuwar 2.700 wanda ke haifar da gurbatacciyar iska, ban da cututtukan da suka shafi numfashi kamar su asma. Don sauƙaƙe waɗannan yanayin kasancewar kasancewar gurɓatattun abubuwa a cikin sararin samaniya, an aiwatar da su yayin 2017 fiye da kwanaki 30 na takunkumin zirga-zirga, musamman ma a mafi yawan yankuna na tsakiya, inda cunkoson ababen hawa ya fi yawa.
Yanayin gurɓataccen yanayi a cikin manyan garuruwa ya kara tabarbarewa saboda rashin ruwan sama. Ruwan sama babbar hanya ce ta tarwatsewa don gurbatacciyar iska. Iska ita ma wani makami ne wanda ke taimaka mana kawar da wani ɓangare na yawan ƙwayoyin cuta.
Matsalar gurbatar muhalli ta zama daya daga cikin matsalolin Madrid, inda a duk cikin shekarar 2017, akwai fiye da aukuwa 20 na babban gurbatawa inda matakan nitrogen dioxide sun kasance sama da iyakokin da aka ba da shawarar don lafiyar ɗan adam.
A cikin wannan shekarar, biranen La Coruña, Santander, Seville, Valencia, Zaragoza, Granada, Huelva, Lérida, Murcia, Puertollano (Ciudad Real) suma sun zarce iyakar abubuwan da aka dakatar - wanda aka kafa a microgram 50 a kowace cubic mita. Da Talavera de la Reina (Toledo).
A cikin watan Nuwamba, gurbatarwar ta kuma karu a birane kamar Seville, Zaragoza, Guadalajara, Salamanca da Getafe, inda matakan carbon dioxide suka yi tashin gwauron zabi.
Restrictionsuntatawa na zirga-zirga
Ganin wannan halin da yake da haɗari ga lafiyar ɗan adam, Madrid da Valladolid ne kawai suka yi amfani da tsarin hana zirga-zirga don magance gurɓataccen yanayi.
Hukumar kula da birnin Madrid ta kunna ladabi da yawa game da gurbatar yanayi. Wasu suna iyakance saurin yaduwa akan M-30 kuma a hanyoyin shiga cikin gari da sauransu sun kara dokar hana ajiye motoci Sai dai a wasu keɓaɓɓu kamar waɗannan mazaunan waɗannan yankuna.
Haɗa gurɓataccen gurɓataccen bututun hayaki yana ƙaruwa yayin da hanzarin yake ƙasa, ma'ana, a wuraren da kuke ƙoƙarin yin kiliya, hakan na iya haifar da tsaikon zirga-zirga da kuma ci gaba da hayakin gas.
Kodayake dole ne a ce yanayin bai yi kyau ba kamar yadda za a kunna lokaci na 3 wanda dole ne a canza yanayin wurare dabam dabam. Wannan yana ƙoƙari ya ƙuntata yaduwar ta kwanaki don waɗancan da ma waɗanda ba su da kyau. Jijjiga lokaci na 4 don gurbatawa shine wanda ya iyakance adadin zirga-zirgar ababen hawa zuwa 50%.
Game da Valladolid, kamfanin birni ya hana tuƙi ta cikin gari da iyakantaccen gudu a cikin cibiyarsa mai tarihi.
A cikin yawancin biranen birni da yawa, ladabi game da aukuwa mai ƙazantar da lalata sun fara faɗuwa. Mafi yawan biranen da matsalar gurbatar yanayi ta shafa sun musanta cewa sun kai matakin fadakarwa masu hadari ko kuma sun tabbatar da cewa 'yan wasu kololuwa ne kawai suka samu.
Dalilan gurbatar yanayi
Iskar hayakin da ke haifar da gurbatawa na farawa ne daga dumama gidaje, aikin gona, sharar gida, masana'antu da sufuri. Hukumar Kula da Muhalli ta Turai ta yi nuni da cewa, zirga-zirgar ababen hawa na daga cikin manyan masu fitar da gurbatar yanayi a duk Turai. A wannan halin, an ba da shawarar raguwar amfani da mota sosai.
Rahoton na Makarantar Kiwon Lafiya ta Nationalasa da ke tattara bayanai daga duk lardunan Spain yayin lokacin 2000/2009 adadi a cikin 2.683 mace-mace da wuri lalacewa a cikin Spain ta hanyar gurɓata ƙwayoyin a cikin dakatarwa.
Kamar yadda kake gani, gurbatar iska na karuwa kuma muna maida yanayin mu zuwa wani abu da ba za'a iya magancewa ba wanda cututtuka ke kara munana.