Daga cikin nau'o'in halittu masu rai waɗanda muka sani da ƙimar muhalli muna da marshes. Yana daya daga cikin mafi kyawun yanayin halittu wanda za'a iya tattara manyan bayanai game da dabbobi da tsirrai. Suna da aiki mai mahimmanci a cikin aiki na yanayi kuma ya zama dole a kiyaye su, tunda suna fama da tasirin muhalli daban-daban. A yau akwai babban lalacewa na duk wuraren fadama kuma, sabili da haka, an ayyana su a matsayin wuraren sha'awar al'umma.
A cikin wannan labarin zamu gaya muku game da halayen marshes, mahimmancin su da flora da fauna waɗanda ke rayuwa anan.
Menene fadama
Abu na farko shi ne sanin menene marshes. Marshes waɗancan tsarukan halittu ne waɗanda suke da halaye na musamman. Babban sifa ta farko ita ce suna da matakan zafi mai yawa kuma ya ƙunshi tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire da ke girma sama da ƙasa saman ruwa. Akwai marshes iri-iri dangane da irin ruwan da aka sameshi. Zamu iya samun wuraren fadama na ruwa mai kyau da fadama na gishiri. Wadannan halittu masu rai suna iya samuwa duk a wuraren da ake samunsu a cikin teku da koguna. Dogaro da irin kwas ɗin da yake samarwa, zai zama ruwan gishiri ko ruwa mai daɗi.
Yawancin wuraren fadama a duniya suna da ruwa mai ƙyalli. Wannan ruwan shine ruwan gishiri da ruwan dadi. A yadda aka saba, fadama suna cikin wurare kusa da bakin teku da kuma kusa da bakin kogin. Saboda haka, yana karɓar ruwa daga dukkanin hanyoyin kuma yana haɗuwa da juna. A matakin yanayin muhalli suna da mahimmancin gaske tunda suna gida ga yawancin flora da fauna. Hakanan suna da mahimmanci akan matakin ɗan adam tunda ana amfani dasu don noma.
Waɗannan su ne dalilan da ya sa marshe keɓaɓɓun halittu ne waɗanda ake kiyaye su kuma ake so a duk duniya.
Babban halayen marshes
Zamu bincika menene ainihin halayen da zamu iya samu a cikin fadama. Abu na farko da ya kamata a sani shi ne cewa su yankuna ne marasa tsari inda ake samun ruwan da aka sanya daga teku ko bakin koguna. Kamar yadda muka ambata a baya, ya danganta da yanayin da ake da shi na kwasa-kwasan ruwa daban zamu iya samun ruwa mai daɗi ko gishiri. Abu mafi al'ada shine cewa ruwan tozalin ruwa ne.
Yankin da ke kewaye da fadamar duka yana tsakanin yankin ƙasa da teku. Wannan kuma yana faruwa a cikin sauran yankuna kamar su ɗakuna da mashigar ruwa. Yanayi na gaba daya na fadama suna da danshi saboda haka yana taimakawa ci gaban nau'ikan shuke-shuke da dabbobin. Ci gaba mai kyau zafi na iya samar da kyakkyawan yanayi don shuke-shuke da dabbobi su bunƙasa.
Marshes wurare ne masu amfani ga nau'ikan ayyukan noma da noman. Godiya ga yanayin muhalli da yanayin ƙasa, suna da ƙasa tare da babban darajar haihuwa. Idan ba mu koma zuwa matakin ƙasa da sauƙinta ba za mu iya cewa ba a faɗan shi sosai. Da wuya sun wuce mita 10 a tsayi kuma kusan koyaushe suna matakin teku. Wannan yana ba da damar yanayin zafi ya kasance tsayayye a cikin shekara. Wani lokaci zamu iya samun fadama da kyar da ruwa. Wannan yana nufin cewa ruwan yana ƙarƙashin ciyayi sosai.
Wasu daga cikin manyan ayyukan gishirin gishiri a cikin abubuwan halittu na yau da kullun shine shawo kan igiyar ruwa da hadari ya haifar. Godiya ga fadama, ana iya yin rigakafin ambaliyar ruwa a cikin yankunan da ke cikin mawuyacin hali. Hakanan suna da alhakin tarko babban adadin laka, don haka Suna aiki a matsayin matattarar halitta game da gurɓatuwa. Kamar yadda muke gani, marshes suna da manyan ayyukan muhalli waɗanda ke taimakawa daidaitaccen tsarin yanayin ƙasa.
Flora
Zamu yi nazarin wadanda sune manyan nau'ikan flora wadanda suke zaune a fadama. Yanayin rayuwar da wadannan halittu suke da shi 'yan tsire-tsire ne wadanda zasu iya rayuwa cikin ruwan sha. Kodayake akwai wasu yanayi masu kyau na mahalli, kuma abubuwan gina jiki zasu iya sha ne kawai idan aka shirya shuka don ita. Sabili da haka, abu mafi mahimmanci shine cewa akwai tsire-tsire masu yaduwa. Wadannan tsire-tsire Waɗannan sune waɗanda zasu iya tsayayya da yawan gishiri har zuwa 10%. Waɗannan sharuɗɗan suna hana haɓakar wasu tsire-tsire waɗanda ba 'yan asalin asalin waɗannan halittu ba.
Duk waɗannan halaye suna sanya tsire-tsire masu lalacewa ba haɗari a cikin wannan rukunin yanayin halittar ba. Gabaɗaya, zamu haskaka manyan ƙungiyoyi 4 ko tsarin ciyayi a cikin fadama. Za mu lissafa abin da suke: gandun daji na ruwa, espartinales, al'ummomin dadi da kuma al'ummomin halophyte shrub. Daga cikin waɗannan nau'ikan akwai wasu sanannun tsire-tsire kamar su baƙar fata, almiski, rororose ko rosemary.
Wasu daga cikin shuke-shuke waɗanda suke na fure na sanannun wuraren fadama sune masu zuwa:
- Ganyen cokali
- Kullewar Cat
- Albasa albasa
- Jirgin gama gari
- tripolius
- Marshmallow na kowa
- Ina siyar da gas din
- Jirgin ruwa
fauna
Yanzu zamuyi nazarin wane fauna ne a cikin fadama. Ya danganta da yankin da fadamar ta bunkasa akwai nau'ikan dabbobi daban-daban. Zamu iya samun nau'ikan da suka faro daga rukunan dabbobi masu shayarwa zuwa masu zurfin ciki ko kuma masu rarrafe. Koyaya, dabbobin da suka fi yawa tsuntsaye ne. Kuma tsuntsayen suna amfani da fadama a matsayin wuraren ƙaura da kuma gida. Hakanan suna amfani dasu don samun damar dawo da ƙarfi yayin dogon tafiye-tafiye. Wannan yana nufin cewa zamu iya ganin adadin tsuntsaye masu yawa a waɗannan ƙasashe. Mafi yawan tsuntsayen da zamu iya samu sune da kwarzanai, da duwalai, da harer, da ɓaure, da jijiyar gama gari da kuma kalar ruwan toka.
Hakanan zamu iya samun wasu dabbobin da ke cikin invertebrates kamar ƙuƙuka, kumburi, mussel da katantanwa. A matsayinmu na mafi yawan dabbobi masu shayarwa mun sami beraye, zomaye, dabbobin daji, barewa, lynx, beraye da beran daji. Wasu kifayen da muke samu a cikin waɗannan halittu sune kifin kifi, tilo da aligote. Yawansu da yalwar waɗannan dabbobi ya dogara da darajar kiyayewar fadama da tasirin muhalli a kusa da su.
Ina fatan cewa tare da wannan bayanin zaku iya koyo game da fadama da halayensu.