A yau zamu zo muyi magana game da makamashi mai sabuntawa wanda yana daga cikin mafi yawan amfani. Game da wutar lantarki. Yana da wani irin tsabtace makamashi mai iya canza karfin tasirin karfin da ruwa yake da shi zuwa makamashin lantarki. Anan zamuyi bayani mataki-mataki yadda ake samar da wannan kuzarin da abin da akeyi don cin gajiyar sa.
Kuna so ku sani game da wutar lantarki? Yakamata ku ci gaba da karatu 🙂
Menene makamashin lantarki?
Bari mu fara da nuna sake cewa hakan ne tushen sabuntawa da tsafta. Godiya gare shi, ana iya samar da wutar lantarki ba tare da gurɓata ko rage albarkatun ƙasa ba. Wannan kuzarin yana kokarin canza karfin da karfin ruwa wanda yake cikin ruwa zuwa dagawa ta hanyar kuzari don shawo kan bambanci a tsayi. Ana iya amfani da ƙarfin inji wanda aka samu kai tsaye don matsar da sandar turbin don samar da wutar lantarki.
Ta yaya yake aiki?
Wannan nau'in kuzarin tsafta ne domin ya fito ne daga rafuka da tabkuna. Irƙirar madatsun ruwa da hanyoyin rairayi da aka tilasta ya ƙaruwa da dama da ƙarfin samar da wuta. Wannan saboda Tana iya adana manyan ruwa da amfani dasu don samar da makamashi.
Akwai nau'ikan tsire-tsire masu samar da wutar lantarki. Na farko ana samunsa a yankuna masu tsauni. Yin amfani da tsaunukan da suka mai da hankali kan yin tsalle zuwa manyan tsayi na faɗuwa. Sauran nau'in tsire shine ruwa mai ruwa kuma ana amfani dasu manyan kogunan ruwa waɗanda suka shawo kan ƙananan bambance-bambance a tsayi. Ana iya cewa ɗayan yana samar da ƙarin kuzari a cikin ɗan gajeren lokaci kuma na biyu yana samar da shi da kaɗan kaɗan.
Ana kai ruwa a cikin tabki ko kuma roba mai kwari ta hanyar bututu. Ta wannan hanyar yana yiwuwa a canza ƙarfinsa mai ƙarfi zuwa matsi kuma Inetarfin motsa jiki godiya ga mai rarrabawa da injin turbin.
Mechanicalarfin inji yana canzawa ta hanyar janareto na lantarki saboda abin da ya haifar da haɓakar lantarki. Wannan shine yadda kuke samun wutar lantarki. An kafa tashoshin yin famfo don adana makamashi kuma don haka ana samun sa a lokacin buƙatu mafi girma. Kamar yadda ya kasance mai yiwuwa a bincika, tsarin ajiya na sabuntawar makamashi iyakance ne ga ci gaban sa.
Shuke shuke-shuke na lantarki
A cikin tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire masu amfani da ruwa, ana tura ruwa zuwa tankuna zuwa sama ta amfani da makamashi wanda aka samar kuma ba a buƙatar dare. Ta wannan hanyar, yayin rana lokacin da bukatar wutar lantarki ta fi girma, za a iya samar da ƙarin jikin ruwa. Tsarin famfowa suna da fa'ida wanda suke ba da damar adana makamashi a cikin wasu lokutan samu don amfani a lokacin buƙata.
Kodayake yana da fa'idodi da yawa cewa ba shi da gurɓataccen makamashi, gina madatsun ruwa da manyan kogunan ruwa yana haifar da tasirin muhalli. Ba kawai gina madatsun ruwa bane, idan ba wasu wuraren ajiyar ruwa ba, ambaliyar manyan ƙasa, da dai sauransu. Suna lalata yanayin yanayin halittu.
Tafkin Hydroelectric
Ana amfani dashi don tara ruwan kogi. Gilashi ne na wucin gadi wanda ke ajiye ruwa. Babban jigonsa shine dam. Godiya ga madatsar ruwa, an sami tsayi mai mahimmanci don a iya amfani da ruwan daga baya saboda bambancin matakin.
Daga kwandon ruwa zuwa tashar wutar lantarki inda masu samar da wutar lantarki suke akwai bututun tilas. Manufarsa ita ce fifita saurin fitowar ruwan wukake. Budewar farko ta fi fadi kuma matsattsan hanyar fita ta kara karfi da ruwan ke fita da ita.
Tashar wutar lantarki
Plantarfin wutar lantarki ɗaya ne wanda ke da jerin aikin injiniyan lantarki wanda aka sanya shi a cikin wani maye. Injinan suna da makasudin kasancewa a shirye don samun samar da wutar lantarki daga makamashin lantarki. Ana kai ruwa zuwa turbin guda daya ko sama da suke juyawa saboda matsi na ruwa. Kowane turbin an haɗa shi zuwa mai canzawa wanda ke da alhakin canza juyawar motsi zuwa makamashin lantarki.
Daya daga cikin matsalolin baya ga tasirin muhalli da kirkirar madatsar ruwan ya haifar shi ne, samar da makamashi ba ya dorewa. Dole ne a tuna da shi cewa samar da sabbin kuzari ya dogara kai tsaye ga yanayi. Sabili da haka, samar da ruwa a cikin kwandon ruwa na wucin gadi zai dogara ne, bi da bi, na tsarin mulki a cikin koguna. Idan ruwan sama a wani yanki ya ragu, samar da makamashi zai yi kasa da aiki.
Abin da ake yi a wasu kasashe shi ne turo ruwa cikin madatsun ruwa da daddare. Ana yin wannan saboda akwai rarar makamashi kuma ana amfani da makamashin lantarki da aka adana yayin rana. Lokacin da bukatar wutar lantarki ta yi yawa, haka ma farashin. Don haka kuna samun riba mai tsada kuma kuna adana makamashin lantarki.
Tarihin samar da wutar lantarki
Wanda ya fara amfani da wannan nau’in makamashin sune da Girkanci da romans. Da farko sun yi amfani da makamashi mai sabuntawa don gudanar da injinan ruwa don nika masara. Da lokaci ya shude, masana'antu sun samu ci gaba kuma ƙafafun ruwa sun fara amfani da ƙarfin kuzarin da ruwa yake dashi.
A ƙarshen tsakiyar zamanai an yi amfani da wasu hanyoyi don amfani da makamashin hydraulic. Labari ne game da ƙafafun lantarki. An yi amfani dasu don ban ruwa na filayen kuma don dawo da yankunan fadama. Ana amfani da ƙafafun ruwa har wa yau a cikin mashin da kuma samar da wutar lantarki.
Kusa da Juyin Masana'antu na Biyu dabaran ruwa ya canza zuwa turbine na ruwa. Yana da wani inji da aka gina ta amfani da wani castor dabaran a kan wani aksali. Tare da sababbin abubuwa na fasaha ya zama cikakke sosai kuma yana aiki.
Injin turbin yana inganta yadda yakamata ya canza karfin karfin ruwa zuwa karfin juyawar kuzari kuma ya shafi shaft.
Ina fatan cewa da wannan bayanin kun sami damar koyon wani abu game da kuzarin sabuntawa.