Zubar da mai a kan tsarin halittu yana da tasirin gaske akan flora da fauna. Amma akwai kuma nazarin da ya nuna cewa su ma suna shafar lafiyar dan adam.
Masu bincike daga Cibiyar Kimiyyar Muhalli da Fasaha (ICTA-UAB), Cibiyar Kula da Lafiya ta Duniya (ISGlobal) da Faculty of Veterinary Medicine na UAB Sun yi korafi game da illar da malalar mai ke haifarwa ga lafiyar mutane a cikin jama'ar da ke zaune kusa da wuraren hakar. Yankin ya dace da wani ɓangare na gandun dajin Amazon na Peru, inda ake hako mai.
ISGlobal ya tabbatar da cewa mutanen da ke zaune a yankunan da ke kusa da hakar mai suna hulɗa da abubuwa masu guba. Suna yin hakan ta hanyar shan ruwa da abincin da aikin ya gurɓata da kuma alaƙar fata da ƙasashen noma da abin ya shafa.
A cewar masana kimiyya kusan mutane miliyan 638 zama a cikin kasashe masu tasowa suna zaune kusa da rijiyoyin mai, saboda haka yana fuskantar mummunan tasiri. Duk da cewa yawan mutanen da abin ya shafa suna da yawa, rashin karatu a kan batun yana nufin cewa ba a san illolin cutarwa da ke tattare da gurɓatuwa daga hakar mai a kan lafiyar ɗan adam ba.
An buga aikin da masu bincike daga ICTA-UAB, ISGlobal da Faculty of Veterinary Medicine na UAB suka wallafa a cikin mujallar Lafiya ta muhalli. Wannan aikin yana ƙunshe da babban aikin kimiyya wanda ICTA-UAB ya haɓaka fiye da shekaru goma wanda ke nazarin matakan gurɓataccen mai. Yankin da abin ya shafa yayi nazari a cikin Peruvian Amazon kusa da kan iyaka da Ecuador.
Koyaya, kungiyar masana ilimin kimiyya sun soki karancin karatu kan illar zubewa ga lafiyar mutane. Matsalar tana kara kamari idan aka bincika cewa mai yana yaduwa dubban kilomita ta rafuka, da ruwa da ƙasa. Ta wannan hanyar, yana haifar da gurɓata a cikin sarkar abinci saboda kayan aiki ne kuma suna ratsa ruwa zuwa kifi kuma daga kifi zuwa dabbobi da mutane.
Masana kimiyya sun tabbatar da cewa a yankin mazaunan Quechua da Achuar ne kawai Kilomita 1.100 na koguna da abin ya shafa, 22% na duka. Godiya ga karatun zane-zane, ana iya sani cewa wannan adadin yayi daidai da ganga miliyan 2,6 na mai.
A shekarar 2003 aka ayyana wannan yanki na dazukan Amazon tare da yanayi na gaggawa na kare muhalli saboda munin yanayin muhallin ta. An kuma bayyana shi a cikin lafiyar faɗakarwa hali a shekarar 2013. Duk da haka, har zuwa yau, har yanzu babu wasu bayanai game da mace-macen da ke da nasaba da illar malalar mai ga lafiyar mutane.
Marta Orta, Masanin kimiyya na ICTA-UAB, ya soki:
“Duk da sanannen illolin da ke tattare da cutar ga mai da sauran kayayyakin da aka samo daga hakar, ba a taɓa ɗaukar matakan gyara ko takunkumi ba. Marasa lafiya ba za su iya ziyartar likita ko zuwa asibiti ba. Ya mutu kawai kuma ba a san menene ba "
Mafi yawan karatun da ake yi a wannan yankin sun maida hankali ne kan nazarin tasirin wadannan fitowar ga lafiyar kungiyoyin ma'aikatan da ke kula da tsaftacewa. Amma ba a yi nazari ba a cikin mazaunan yankin da suka fi saukin kamuwa da cutar ta tsawan lokaci.
Cristina O'Callaghan-Gordo, masanin kimiyya ne a ISGlobal, ya ce:
“Yana da mahimmanci a yi nazarin illar da gurɓataccen gurɓataccen mai ke haifarwa ga mutanen da ke zaune a wuraren hakar, tunda lokutan da hanyoyin bayyanarwar sun banbanta. Bugu da ƙari, karatun ya zuwa yanzu sun mai da hankali kan ma'aikata kuma ba suyi nazarin illolin akan yawan mutanen da ka iya zama masu rauni ba, kamar yara, mata masu ciki ko kuma mutanen da ke fama da matsalolin rashin lafiya a baya "