Taswirar ruwa na Turai yana da mahimmin koguna waɗanda suka taka rawa iri-iri a tsawon tarihin wayewa. Daga cikin abubuwan da suka faru, domin rayuwar mutum da dabba ta ta’allaka ne a kan samun ruwa, abu mafi daraja a tsakanin halittu. A yau za mu kewaya ta cikin babban kogin Turai. Bugu da kari, ban da sanin kogi mafi tsawo da girma a Turai, za ku kuma san cikakken bayanin inda ya bi har ya isa tekun.
Don haka, za mu sadaukar da wannan labarin don ba ku labarin manyan koguna a Turai, halaye da mahimmancinsu.
Kogunan Turai
Cibiyar sadarwa ta ruwa a halin yanzu na nahiyar Turai shine sakamakon shekarun ƙanƙara na ƙarshe. Wannan tsari ya samo asali ne daga abin da a yanzu ake kira fjords, tabkuna, da manyan raƙuman ruwa. Koguna suna gudana ta cikin abu mai laushi kuma suna haɗuwa tare da wurare masu wuya. Laifi da haɗin gwiwa ne ke da alhakin jagorantar tafiyar kogin. Dangane da batun Turai, kogunanta ba su da tsayi sosai kuma kwasa-kwasansu na yau da kullun ne.
Kogin Danube
Kogin Danube da ke Jamus ya samo asali ne daga dajin Baƙar fata na Jamus kuma babban tafarkinsa ya ketare kasashe fiye da goma sha biyu a Tsakiya da Gabashin Turai, ya ketare manyan manyan biranen Turai guda huɗu kuma ya ƙare a Tekun Bahar Maliya ta Romania, wanda ya zama mashigin delta.
Babban koginsa, dajin Black Forest, yana cikin Jamus, musamman a cikin tsaunuka waɗanda a halin yanzu aka lissafa a matsayin wuraren yawon buɗe ido. Akwai kololuwar Feldberg a tsayin mita 1493.
Saboda halayen da muke da su, kusan kogi ne mai kewayawa. Daga Ulm a Jamus, akwai ƙorafi da yawa waɗanda ke haɗa mahimman wuraren noma. Gudunsa yana daidai da kwandonsa. Duk da haka, ba shi da sauran zirga-zirga ta fuskar zirga-zirga fiye da Rhine, wani babban kogin a Turai. Idan aka yi la’akari da adadin kasashen da yake ratsawa, kowannensu yana da sunan harshensa da manyan biranen da ya mamaye, za mu iya yin la’akari da irin muhimmancin wannan kogin na Turai. Daga cikin abubuwan da suka fi daukar hankali har da magudanan ruwa, wadanda ke zama gadoji na kasa da kasa don ayyukan noma, kamun kifi, yawon bude ido, kasuwanci da masana'antu.
Kogin Rin
Rhine wani yanki ne na ruwa da ke cikin yankin Turai. Ya samo asali daga canton Graubünden a cikin tsaunukan Alps na Swiss kuma yana gudana zuwa cikin Tekun Arewa ta hanyar kilomita 1.230. Ruwan yana gudana ta hanyar arewa-maso-yammaci, daga cikin ruwa mai zurfin kilomita 185.000. Matsakaicin ƙaura shine 2 m2.900/s. Ana ciyar da shi ta wasu ƙananan koguna kamar Tamina, Medel, Neckar, Moselle, Ruhr da Lahn.
Tafkin Thoma ana daukarsa a matsayin tushen kogin, amma sai da aka fara kiransa da sunan Rhine da Pre-Rhine da Rear-Rhine, jim kadan bayan haduwarsa, Rhine ya ratsa ta cikin kwarin glacial mai tsayi. , Kwarin Rhine. Daga Rhine. Ƙasar ta miƙe a hankali, ruwa ya shiga cikin tafkin Constance, sannan ya koma yamma. A arewacin kasar Switzerland. fadi kusan mita 23 tsayi don samar da rafin Rhine kuma ya ci gaba zuwa teku. Kusa a nan, ya haɗu da Meuse da Scheldt don samar da delta tare da tashoshi masu yawa.
Daga tafkin zuwa teku, Rhine ya ratsa ta Switzerland, Liechtenstein, Austria, Jamus, Faransa da Netherlands, ya ratsa ta Basel, Mainz, Dusseldorf, Strasbourg, Cologne, Vaduz, Arnhem da kuma manyan biranen kamar Rotterdam. An raba shi zuwa manyan sassa 4: Upper Rhine, daga Lake Constance zuwa Basel; Upper Rhine, tsakanin garuruwan Basel da Bingen na Jamus; Rhine ta Tsakiya, tsakanin Bingen da Cologne/Bonn; Ƙananan Rhine a Cologne/Bonn kuma ya ci gaba da samar da delta.
Kogin Seine
Tekun Seine mashigar ruwa ce ta Turai a gabar Tekun Atlantika, a arewacin Faransa. Haihuwar sa tana ciki Langres Plateau a kan tsayin kusan mita 470. kusa da Dijon, a cikin sashen Côte d'Or, kuma yana tafiya arewa maso yamma ta cikin garuruwan Troyes, Fontainebleau, Paris, da Rouen har sai ya kai ga yankinsa yana cikin Broad Estuary, tsakanin Le Havre da Honfleur, arewa maso yamma, a bakin tekun Seine in English Channel
Seine shine kogin na biyu mafi tsayi a kasar bayan Rhône (ko da yake wani yanki nasa yana ratsa yankin Switzerland), yana da kilomita 776. Basinsa yana da murabba'in kilomita 78.650, mafi yawansu yana cikin Basin parissien ko na Parisian Basin. A fannin ilmin ƙasa asali wani kwano ne mai siffa mai kama da basin, buɗe ga tashar Ingilishi da Tekun Atlantika.
Basin ya ƙunshi ginshiƙan yanayin ƙasa waɗanda suka shimfiɗa tare da gangaren gangaren da ke matsowa zuwa tsakiya, tare da mahimman hanyoyin ruwa masu ruwa da tsaki sun shiga tsakani. Gabaɗaya ƙasarsa ba ta wuce mita 300 ba, sai a gefen kudu maso gabas a tsayin Morvan. inda mafi girman matsayi shine mita 900.
Kogin Volga
Volga shine kogin mafi tsayi a Turai. Ya samo asali ne daga yammacin Rasha kuma ya bi ta yammacin Rasha. An san shi da kogin kasa na Rasha. Tare da tsawon kilomita 3.700 da matsakaicin kwarara na 8.000 m3/s. kuma shi ne irinsa na farko a Turai. A cikin watan Mayu-Yuni magudanar ruwa yana ƙaruwa saboda narkewar bazara, yana ƙara haɗarin babban ambaliya.
A jerin magudanar ruwa sun haɗu da kogin da Baltic Sea (Volga-Baltic Canal), da Don, da Azov Sea, da Black Sea (Volga-Don Canal), kazalika da Moscow. Babban kogi kamar bishiya ne saboda ya kwarara. Koguna da dama, koguna, da sauran koguna suna zubar da ruwansu zuwa cikin Volga. Kogin yana wucewa fiye da kilomita 250 na ruwa a kowace shekara. Saboda dalilai na dabi'a, kogin ya kasu kashi uku, wani bangare daga tushen zuwa bakin kogin Oka ana kiransa Upper Volga, ɗayan kuma yana gudana cikin kogin Kama kuma ana kiransa tsakiyar Volga, kogin Samaraluka kuma shine. ake kira Lower Volga.
Kogin Thames
Kogin Thames, wanda kuma aka fi sani da shi a wasu wurare da kogin Isis, kogi ne da ke ratsa kudancin Ingila, ciki har da Landan. Tsawon kilomita 346, shine kogi mafi tsayi a Ingila kuma na biyu mafi tsayi a Burtaniya bayan Severn. Yana gudana ta Oxford (inda aka sani da Isis), Karatu, Henley akan Thames da Windsor. Ƙarƙashin kogin ana kiransa Tideway, Bayan dogon lokacin da ya miƙe zuwa Teddington Lock.
Ya tashi daga magudanar ruwan Thames a Gloucestershire kuma ya fantsama zuwa Tekun Arewa ta hanyar Thames estuary. Thames ya mamaye duk Babban London. Sashin ruwan sa ya miƙe zuwa Teddington Lock, ya haɗa da yawancin ƙafar sa na London kuma yana da hawan mita 7 da zuriya. Idan aka yi la'akari da tsayinsa da faɗinsa, Thames yana da ƙananan kwarara. Duk da ƙaramin girman kwandon sa, matsakaicin fitarwar Severn ya kusan ninki biyu.
Ina fatan da wannan bayanin za ku iya ƙarin koyo game da kogunan Turai da halayensu.