Hadarin nukiliya na Chernobyl

Daya daga cikin hadurran nukiliya mafi hadari a duk tarihi kuma sananne a duk duniya shine haɗarin Chernobyl. Anyi la'akari da haɗarin makaman nukiliya mafi muni a tarihi kuma, har wa yau, akwai sakamako ga duka flora, fauna da mutane. Hadarin ya faru ne a ranar 26 ga Afrilu, 1986 kuma har yanzu akwai sakamako. Wannan bala'in ya kasance lokacin ruwa ne ga duka Cold War da tarihin makamashin nukiliya. Masana kimiyya sun kiyasta cewa yankin da ke kusa da dukkanin tsohuwar tashar wutar lantarki ta nukiliya ba za ta kasance wurin zama ba har tsawon shekaru 20.000.

A cikin wannan labarin za mu baku labarin duk abin da ya faru da kuma menene sakamakon bala'in Chernobyl.

Abin da ya faru a Chernobyl

Wannan bala'in nukiliyar ya faru ne kusa da garin Chernobyl a tsohuwar Tarayyar Soviet. Wannan birni ya kashe kuɗi da yawa a cikin makamashin nukiliya bayan Yaƙin Duniya na II. Daga 1977 ne lokacin da masana kimiyyar Soviet ke kula da shigar da matatun mai 4 RBMK irin na nukiliya a tashar makamashin nukiliya. Wannan masana'antar nukiliya tana kan iyakar tsakanin Ukraine da Belarus a yanzu.

Hadarin ya fara ne da horo na kulawa na yau da kullun don rukuni na huɗu na tashar makamashin nukiliya. Ma'aikatan suna da ra'ayin yin amfani da lokacin da suke aiki don su iya gwadawa idan mahaukacin na iya yin sanyi a yayin da aka bar masana'antar ba tare da wani nau'in wutar lantarki ba. Kamar yadda muka sani, asalin fashewar makaman nukiliya na faruwa ne saboda damar da kayan nukiliyar suke da ita don sanyaya a yanayin zafi ba tare da wutar lantarki ba.

Koyaya, yayin gwajin sanyaya, ma'aikata sun keta wasu ladabi na aminci kuma wannan kwatsam ya ƙara ƙarfin cikin injin. Kodayake sun yi wasu ƙoƙari don rufe tashar, amma akwai ƙarin ƙaruwar ƙarfi wanda ya haifar da jerin abubuwan fashewa a ciki. A ƙarshe, an fallasa ainihin mai sarrafawa kuma an fitar da adadi mai yawa na kayan aikin rediyo cikin yanayi.

Bayan 'yan watanni bayan da 4 a tashar nukiliya ta Chernobyl ya fada cikin harshen wuta wanda yake da guba, ya kasance an rufe shi da yawa na kankare da karafa don ƙunshe da duk kayan aikin rediyo a ciki. Wannan tsohuwar tsari an binne ta don hana fadada radiation. Bayan fewan shekarun da suka gabata, a cikin 2016, an ƙarfafa shi tare da sabon ƙuntataccen sab soda haka a yau ba a sake ganin kayan aikin rediyo ba.

Kuma shine cewa radiation yana ci gaba a cikin sararin dubban shekaru. A saboda wannan dalili, yana da mahimmanci a kare ainihin mai sarrafawa ta yadda ba za a sake fitar da radiation ba.

Bala'in nukiliya

Bala'in nukiliya ya fara ne lokacin da duk sarkar da ke cikin sarkar ta haifar da fashewar cikin tashar makamashin nukiliyar. Ma'aikatan kashe gobara sun yi ƙoƙari don kashe gobara da yawa kuma a ƙarshe, jirage masu saukar ungulu suka zubar da yashi da sauran kayan a ƙoƙarin kashe wutar da kuma ƙunsar gurbatarwar. Mutane biyu sun mutu a yayin fashewar kuma adadi mai yawa na ma’aikata da ma’aikatan kashe gobara suna asibiti. Koyaya, haɗarin lalacewar rediyo da wuta ya kasance. Babu wanda aka kwashe a yankunan da ke kewaye, har ma da garin da ke kusa da Pripiat. An gina wannan birin don zama ga duk ma'aikatan masana'antar. Tuni sa'o'i 36 bayan bala'in ne aka fara kwashe yankin.

Bayyanar hatsarin nukiliyar ana ganin babban haɗarin siyasa ne, amma ya yi latti kuma ba za a iya ɓoye shi ba. Rushewar ta riga ta yada yaduwa zuwa Sweden, inda hukumomi a wata tashar makamashin nukiliya suka fara mamakin abin da ke faruwa a cikin USSR. Bayan musanta hatsarin da farko, Soviet ta gama sanar da ita a ranar 28 ga Afrilu.

Ganawa da haɗarin makaman nukiliya mai irin wannan girman, duk duniya ta fara fahimtar cewa tana shaida wani abin tarihi. Har zuwa 30% na dukkan uranium na tan metric tan 190 a Chernobyl suna cikin yanayi. Shi ke nan An yanke shawarar kwashe mutane 335.000 kuma an kafa yankin keɓewa da kewaya mai nisan kilomita 30 a kusa da mahallin.

Sakamakon hatsarin Chernobyl

A farkon, kamar yadda ya faru Mutane 28 sun mutu a cikin hatsarin kuma sama da 100 sun ji rauni. Masana kimiyya wadanda ke cikin Kwamitin Kimiyya na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya don Nazarin Illolin Radiyon Atomic sun sanar da cewa yara da matasa sama da 6.000 ne suka kamu da cutar sankarar thyroid bayan da suka kamu da cutar ta nukiliya. Kuma wannan haɗarin ya haifar da jerin ƙwayoyin da suka ba da kyakkyawar wuri. Koyaya, waɗannan ƙwayoyin suna da babban abun ciki na aikin rediyo, wanda ya haifar da fallasa citizensan ƙasar Pripiat zuwa rashi mai yawa wanda ya haifar da samuwar ƙari.

A cikin duka game da mutane 4.000 sun kasance sun kamu da matsanancin iska kuma sakamakon haka cutar sankara na iya faruwa tana da alaƙa da wannan hasken. Dukan sakamakon hatsarin, yana ƙara tasirin a kan lafiyar hankali da al'ummomi masu zuwa, suna ci gaba da kasancewa masu mahimmanci kuma suna ci gaba da kasancewa muhawarar nazari har zuwa yau.

A yanzu haka akwai kokarin dakilewa da kuma lura da haskakawar kwayar da ke cikin yankin karfin nukiliyar. Ragowar wannan injin din yana cikin wani katafaren tsari na karafa na karfe wanda aka kirkira a karshen shekarar 2016. Ana sa ran ci gaba, sanyawa da kuma sharewa har zuwa akalla 2065.

Domin samarda dukkanin ma’aikatan tashar makamashin nukiliya a shekarun 70, an gina birnin Pripiat. Tun daga wannan lokacin, wannan birni ya zama garin fatalwa wanda aka yi watsi da shi kuma a halin yanzu ana amfani dashi azaman dakin gwaje-gwaje don nazarin yanayin lalacewar rediyo.

Tasirin dogon lokaci na bala'in nukiliya

Akwai magana koyaushe game da bala'in nukiliya, dole ne mu bincika tasirin lokaci mai tsawo. Akwai tasiri nan da nan kan gandun dajin da dabbobin da ke kewaye wanda shi ma ana bincika. Bayan afkuwar hatsarin, wani yanki na kusan kilomita 10² an sauya masa suna zuwa "jan daji". Wannan ya faru ne saboda bishiyoyi da yawa sun canza launin ruwan kasa zuwa launin ja kuma sun mutu bayan sun sha manyan iska daga yanayin.

A halin yanzu, muna yin dukkanin yankin keɓewa wanda ke gudana ta hanyar shiru shiru, amma cike da rayuwa. Yawancin bishiyoyi sun sake canzawa kuma sun dace da manyan matakan radiation. Duk wannan ya faru ne saboda rashin ayyukan ɗan adam a kusa da tashar wutar lantarki ta nukiliya. Yawan wasu jinsunan kamar lynxes da ci gaba sun karu. An kiyasta hakan a cikin 2015 akwai karnuka sau bakwai a cikin yankin keɓancewa fiye da wuraren da ke kusa, godiya ga rashin mutane.

Kamar yadda kake gani, hatta sanannen bala'in nukiliya kamar Chernobyl yana koya mana cewa mutane sune ainihin matsalar yanayin.