Majalisar Ministocin ta amince da ita a ƙarshen 2015, Dokar Sarauta wacce ke zartar da abin da ta kira «madadin kuɗin fito»Don kuzari da cin kansa, wanda aka fi sani da haraji akan rana
Abun takaici, mummunan zato game da kungiyoyin mabukata, kungiyoyin kare muhalli, kungiyoyin kasuwanci da yan adawa sun zama gaskiya. Sun daɗe suna faɗakar da wannan gaskiyar, tun 2 shekaru kafin Ma'aikatar Masana'antu ta bayyana manufofin ta
Dangane da rahoton da ya bada shawarar wasu sauye-sauye ga Hukumar Kasuwa da Gasa ta Kasa (CNMC), da kuma amincewar Majalisar Jiha daga baya; Gwamnati ta amince da wannan sabuwar dokar ba tare da wata matsala ba.
Harajin rana da aka amince da shi a ƙarƙashin umarnin José Manuel Soria a Ma'aikatar Masana'antu yana ɗaya daga cikin waɗancan dokokin da babu ɗan ƙasar da zai fahimta. Me yasa Jamus, ƙasar da ke da ƙarancin rana fiye da mu, ya sanya ƙarin faranti a cikin shekara guda fiye da Spain a duk tarihinta?.
Gaskiyar ita ce, Sifen ta kasance babbar mai tallata makamashi a farkon karnin, har ma da bayar da kari ga wadanda suka girka bangarorin hasken rana. Koyaya, jita-jita a cikin kasuwa da matakan gwamnatin PP daga 2011 suka fara rikita wannan yanayin.
Ta yaya zaku iya cajin kuzarin ku?
A yadda aka saba, mabukaci wanda yake da faranti da ya girka kuma ya samar da nasa wutar haɗa zuwa cibiyar sadarwa, daga abin da yake karɓar ƙarin kuzari don biyan buƙatunta, ba koyaushe rana take ba, yana iya zama hazo. Bugu da ƙari, sau da yawa abin da aka samar bai isa ba; kuma idan an barshi, ana iya siyar dashi ga cibiyar sadarwar.
Ga tsohon Ministan Masana'antu, José Manuel Soria, "abin da yake game da shi ne a gaya wa mabukaci cewa cin kansa yana da kyau ƙwarai, amma idan za su yi amfani da hanyar sadarwar sai su mu biya tare Har ila yau dole ne ya ba da gudummawa saboda, in ba haka ba, sauranmu za mu biya wani ɓangare na namu amfani ». Ministan da ya yi murabus saboda kamfanonin sa na waje a Panama.
Grant
Ma'aikatar tayi la'akari da kebewa daga biyan harajin rana zai zama tallafi a kan kuɗin sauran masu amfani. A cikin taron manema labarai da ya gudana bayan Majalisar Ministocin, tsohuwar ministar Soria ta dage cewa masu sayen kansu dole ne su biya kudin safara da rarrabawa "gwargwadon yadda suke amfani da" tsarin da bayar da gudummawa "kamar kowane mai saye." .
Don haka sanya shi kamar yana da kyau, kuma babu wanda ya musanta shi, amma lokacin da kuka shiga dalla-dalla, abubuwa suna canzawa, kamar yadda mai gudanarwa yake kamfanin tattalin arziki na zamantakewar al'umma Ecooo (Mario Sánchez-Herrero): «Abu mai ma'ana shi ne cewa waɗannan masu amfani sun biya wannan tallafi (harajin rana), lokacin da kuma kawai a waɗannan lokutan lokacin da suke buƙatar amfani da Intanet, kuma ba, kamar yadda aka kafa a sabon yarda tsari, a wasu lokuta lokacin da basa cin abinci daga layin wutar, wato, a waɗancan lokuta lokacin da bangarorin hotunan hoto ke aiki.
Wane farashi rana zata biya?
Game da masu amfani da mazaunin, kimanin euro 9 tare da VAT a kowace shekara ta kW na wuta za'a caje su akan kowane kwamiti da suke dashi a gida (harajin rana). A cewar masana da yawa, rashin dacewar irin wannan mabukacin ba shi da yawa, amma dai ba su da shi babu dawowa don makamashin da suke samarwa da zubar dashi cikin hanyar sadarwa.
A zahiri, ga ma'aikacin lantarki akan aiki zaka iya bayar da kashi 50% na duk ƙarfin da aikin shigarwar ka ya samar, wanda ta hanyar: Endesa, Iberdrola, Gas Natural ko kuma duk wani mai gyaran wutar lantarki, zai siyar da shi ga maƙwabcinka a kan cent 12 a kowace kilowatt-hour (kWh). Gaskiya wannan kasuwanci ne kuma sauran maganganun banza ne.
A cikin manyan wurare, na masana'antun, masu amfani zasu biya kuɗaɗe biyu. Waɗannan Euro 9 tare da VAT ga kowane kW na ƙarfin bangarorin tare da mai canzawa wanda ke da alaƙa da farashin makamashi. "Yana da wanda yake tasiri sosai" a cewar wasu masana da yawa a bangaren, kuma zai kai kimanin cent 5 ga kowane kWh da suke samarwa da cinyewa.
Saboda tsadar da yake da shi ga tsarin, za a keɓe tsibiran Balearic da Canary Islands daga kuɗin.
Wanene wannan dokar ta fi so?
Masana'antu suna kare cewa Dokar Masarauta tana nufin tabbatar da daidaito na tattalin arziki da tattalin arziƙin tsarin da hana dukkan masu amfani daga «ba da tallafi»Ciyar da kai, a gare su akwai« kuɗin haɗin kai ».
Amma don ganin tsarin, dole ne mu bincika bayanin kudin shiga na REE (Red Eléctrica Española), da na manyan kamfanonin wutar lantarki, kamar Iberdrola, Endesa…. Muna iya ganin cewa a cikin su duka sakamakon yana billionaires, ba sakamakon duniya ba, amma sakamakon a Spain.
Lokacin da gwamnati tayi magana game da "tsarin," da yawa kungiyoyin Suna neman yin magana game da "bayanin kudaden shiga na manyan kamfanonin wutar lantarki."
A zahiri, Gwamnati A wannan shekarar kuma, ya hau kujerar naƙi game da dokar da ke ba da shawarar amfani da wutar lantarki ba tare da caji ba kuma hakan ya sami goyon bayan duk ɓangarorin siyasa, ban da PP da Foro Asturias. Tabbatar da ita ita ce, hakan na nufin raguwar kuɗaɗen shiga kuma ba za a tara euro miliyan 162 a kowace shekara ta haraji ba.
A cewar gwamnatin, cin kanta ne, ba shi da goyon baya
A cewar Babban Jami'in na Mariano Rajoy, ta hanyar rage yawan amfani da ke samar da nasu makamashi, yana tilasta wa waɗanda ba su da irin waɗannan wuraren ɗaukar nauyin tsada tsarin kulawa. Kari akan haka, shigarwar kayan kwalliyar kwalliya suna da tsada sosai, kuma saboda haka wani abu ne ga masu hannu da shuni da ke nuna bambancin zamantakewar kasar mu.
Kungiyoyi da yawa kamar OCU sun wargaza waɗannan muhawara biyu. Na farko, suna kare fa'idojin amfani da kai don amfanin jama'a, "wanda bai dace da ra'ayin rashin hadin kai ba", kamar rage hayaki mai gurbata muhalli, shigo da kayayyaki daga burbushin mai, inganta daidaitattun biyan kuɗi, aiki. Na biyu, sun tabbatar da cewa tare da ƙa'idar amfani da kai irin wanda ake yarda da shi a sauran ƙasashen duniya wanda ke ƙarfafa taimako don saye da shigar da kayan aiki, wutar lantarki daga bangarorin tana da rahusa sosai fiye da abin da muke biya yanzu.
Me yasa Gwamnati zata so fifita manyan kamfanonin wutar lantarki?
Yawancin kungiyoyin masarufi sun tuna cewa "kodayake yana iya zama kamar rashin ladabi da sauki" - cewa kofofin da ke juyawa, lokacin da dan siyasa ya fito daga jama'a zuwa na kashin kansa, ba'a iyakance ga sanannun al'amuran manyan mukamai ba, kamar dangantakar tsohon shugaban. na gwamnati Felipe Gonzalez tare da Gas Natural Fenosa, ko José María Aznar tare da Endesa, amma dai akwai ɗayan ɗayan matsayi na matsakaiciyar matsayi wanda ya dogara da waɗancan ƙofofin don ci gaba da juyawa.
Amma baya ga haka, ya nuna, Gwamnati ta kare cewa “muhimman abubuwa, kamar samar da makamashi, dole ne manyan kamfanoni su kula da su, kuma muna bukatar manyan zakarun Spain don samun nauyi a duniya da kuma cewa tattalin arzikinmu na iya ci gaba. Wannan ya haɗa da tabbatar da cewa a cikin kasuwar da aka kama, suna da isassun kuɗin shiga don kar su rasa ƙafafunsu a cikin gasa mai kauri da suke ci gaba da irin waɗannan kamfanoni daga wasu ƙasashen duniya. »
Matsalar haɓaka
Kamar yadda masana da yawa suka bayyana:
“Matsalar kamfanonin wutar lantarki ita ce, sun yi sama da fadi a hadadden tsirrai, tsire-tsire masu samarwa wadanda ke amfani da gas wajen samar da wutar lantarki. Wadannan tsire-tsire, saboda rikicin, suna aiki awanni 800-1.000 a shekara, lokacin da zasu kasance sa'o'i 5.000-6.000. Idan aka ba da damar amfani da kai tare da ƙa'idodi masu ma'ana, ba wai don ya fi sonta ba amma ba zai cutar da shi ba, maimakon aiki awanni 800 za suyi aiki 100, sabili da haka zai kasance har yanzu mafi rikitarwa dawo da dimbin jarin da suka sanya »
Shin makwabtanmu na Turai suna da harajin rana?
Kamar yadda ka tuna da Photoungiyar Photovoltaic ta Mutanen Espanya (Unef). Spain ƙasa ce mai yawan rana, inda take kira don inganta wannan nau'ikan makamashi, ita ce kawai ƙasa da ake shirya ƙa'idodi a ciki "don kada ci da kai (kuɗin rana) ya bunkasa".
Portugal
Ba tare da ci gaba da tafiya ba, makwabcinmu na Portugal «yana ba da damar ci gaban kai har zuwa 1MW ba tare da wani nau'in juzu'i ba kuma ana yin daidaitaccen rarar ta hanyar biyan kuɗin rarar makamashi a 90% na farashin kasuwarsa »
Francia
A Faransa ta yanke shawarar yin fare akan makamashi na photovoltaic. A matsayin wani ɓangare na shirin don ninka makamashi ta hanyar haɓaka ta hanyar 2023, mai kula da makamashi na Faransa CRE ya tara mutane da yawa taushi don ayyukan sabunta makamashi kasuwanci cin kai.
Tsarin ya hada da ayyukan da za'a iya ɗaukar su matsakaita, tare da damar tsakanin 100 kW da 500 kW. Don samun damar taimakon, ma'abota shigarwa dole ne ya cinye fiye da kashi 50% na makamashin da aka samar, Sayar da sauran ga kamfanin wutar lantarki na Faransa EDF. Waɗannan tallace-tallace za a ƙarfafa su tare da ƙarin taimakon euro 50 a kowace megawatt a wannan matakin farko, zuwa 40 a kira na ƙarshe don shirin a 2020.
Alemania
A cikin Jamus, manyan kamfanonin wutar lantarki kamar E.ON suna inganta cinikin abokan cinikin su. Tun daga watan Afrilun da ya gabata, kwastomominsa za su iya samar da nasu hasken rana da adana shi ba tare da iyaka ba, don amfani da shi daga baya a duk lokacin da kuma yadda suke so. Ana kiran sabis ɗin Solar CloudMasu kera hasken rana za su iya adana adadi mara iyaka a cikin asusun wutar lantarki ta kamala sannan kuma su cinye daga gare ta a lokacin da suke buƙatarsa.
A halin yanzu babu caji
Irin wannan hayaniyar ba komai. Shahararren harajin rana wanda muke magana akai a cikin wannan labarin, wanda aka aiwatar a ƙarshen 2015 ba a amfani da shi.
Da alama tsohon shugaban manufofin makamashi na Gwamnati ba shi da lokaci don kammala ci gaban ƙa'idodi da aiwatar da wannan manufar ke buƙata. biyan haraji akan girkin photovoltaic don kasancewa haɗi zuwa cibiyar sadarwar wadata.
A cewar babban darektan UNEF: An amince da dokar harajin rana, amma umarnin ministocin da za su bunkasa al'adar sun yi karanci. Abin da ya sa har yanzu Gwamnati ba ta caji ba ba Euro don harajin rana. Bugu da kari, 'yan adawa na kokarin kashe dokar har abada don hana ta ci gaba.
Ala kulli halin, wannan kuɗin shi ne cin abincin da aka yanka wanda mashahurin jam'iyyar ya fara tun na 2010, wanda ya bar kuzarin sabuntawa gaba ɗaya ba tare da tushen makamashi ba. kari kari. Waɗannan cutan ba zato ba tsammani sun gurguntar da ci gaban fasahohi masu tsabta kuma, musamman, hotunan hoto da cin wutar lantarki kai tsaye.