Girma a cikin amfani da kuzari yana ƙaruwa tsawon shekaru yayin juyin juya halin makamashi ya bayyana. Wannan haɓaka cikin amfani da makamashi a duk duniya yana sanya larura don neman wasu zaɓuɓɓukan makamashi masu inganci waɗanda zasu taimaka ciyar da duk abubuwan da ake buƙata waɗanda za'a buƙata. Tunda har yanzu makaman nukiliya bai wanzu ba a matakin masana'antu, jerin bincike a wurare da yawa tsawon shekaru. Amfani da abin da aka faɗi ta hanyar haɗakar nukiliya ɗayan manufofi ne da ƙoƙarin da duk masu bincike ke da su don haɓaka fa'idar makamashi mai girma. Don wannan, akwai shirin da aka sani da ITA (International Thermonuclear Experiment na Mai ba da amsa).
A cikin wannan labarin zamu fada muku menene shirin ITER ya kunsa kuma menene babbar manufar sa.
Menene ITER
Thearfin da ake samarwa ta hanyar aikin nukiliya da aka sani da haɗakar nukiliya na iya zama babba. Lokacin da aka yi amfani da makamashin da ke samarwa a cikin haɗin nukiliya na atom atoms a cikin waɗanda suke da nauyi, za a iya samun adadi mai yawa na ingantaccen makamashi. Koyaya, wani abu ne wanda har yanzu ba'a inganta shi ba a matakin masana'antu.
Tun daga shekarun 50 akwai ƙoƙari mai mahimmanci a cikin bincike da haɓaka haɗakar nukiliya saboda yana da fa'ida babba. Kuma shi ne cewa yayin haɗakar nukiliya ana samar da adadin makamashi mai yawa. Ofaya daga cikin abubuwan haɗin da ake buƙata don wannan haɗakarwar ta faru shine deuterium. Deuterium isotope ne mai yawan wadataccen hydrogen. Saboda wannan dalili, haɗakar nukiliya ɗayan ɗayan abubuwan da aka fi so ne bayan halayen a fagen makamashi.
ITER yana daga cikin shirye shiryen kasa da kasa wadanda suka nuna cewa mai yiyuwa ne a ci gaba da aiwatar da hada makaman nukiliya a cikin jini amma hakan na bukatar kokari sosai. Makasudin wannan shirin shine don ƙayyade tasirin fasaha da tattalin arziƙin haɗin nukiliya. Hanyar da za a aiwatar da wannan aikin shine ta hanyar hana maganaɗisu don samar da lantarki. Wannan yana matsayin share fage na gina kayan aiki wanda za'a iya amfani dashi don samar da makamashi ta wannan hanyar.
Fiye da shekaru 50, Turai ta kasance jagora a binciken haɗakar makaman nukiliya. Dukkanin al'amuran da suka shafi fushin da ya danganci kimiyyar lissafi da binciken ilmin sunadarai an hade su ne ta hanyar Hukumar Turai. Ana ba da kuɗin shirin ITER ta hanyar Tsarin Tsarin Bincike na EURATOM da kuɗin ƙasa daga theasashe Membobi da Switzerland. Ofaya daga cikin fa'idojin haɗakar nukiliya shine babban takamaiman ƙarfinsa. Kuma hakan yana da babban karfin da zai iya samar da makamashi. Matsalar ita ce don wannan haɗuwar makaman nukiliya ta kasance mai inganci sosai, ana buƙatar yanayin zafi tsakanin digiri 100 zuwa 200 a ma'aunin Celsius. Wannan wani abu ne wanda, a yau, kusan ba zai yiwu a cimma shi ba.
ITER, Cadarache da Spain
Aiki ne wanda yake da kasafin kuɗi na farko na kusan euro miliyan 5.000 wanda zai iya ninka sau uku idan sakamakon ya fara nunawa da sauri. Kimanin lokacin da aka ƙayyade na aikin wannan aikin ya kai kusan kimanin shekaru 10 kuma ana sa ran kula da wannan aikin na wasu shekaru 20.
ITER yana dauke da mafi girman aikin binciken makamashin kimiyya a duniya. Babban burinta shi ne ya nuna cewa yana yiwuwa a yi amfani da hadewar nukiliya a matsayin tushen makamashi. Dole ne mu tuna cewa haɗakar nukiliya tana faruwa ne a cikin rana da taurari. A waɗannan wurare yanayin zafi yana da ƙarfi sosai kamar kuma yadda ake matsa lamba. Matsin lamba saboda tsananin karfin da yake wanzuwa a cikin rana yana sa yanayin zafi yayi sama sosai kuma ana iya samun tasirin mahaɗan nukiliya.
Har zuwa yau har yanzu na'urar bincike ce, kasancewar ana ɗaukarta a matsayin na'urar gwaji. Hedkwatar Hukumar Fusion ta Turai tana zaune a cikin Barcelona tun shekara ta 2007, inda aka tsara duk ƙoƙarin da ake buƙata don aiwatar da haɗin makaman nukiliya a ITER. Akwai jimlar fiye da mutane 180 da ke aiki tsakanin injiniyoyi, masana kimiyya da masu gudanarwa. Spain tana cikin wannan shirin ta Tarayyar Turai kuma ta farko kuma babbar gudummawarta a fagen ilimin kimiyyar lissafi ne na ɗaurin maganadisu.
Anyi ƙoƙari don haɓaka ƙarni na tritium, sarrafa allurar makamashi da tsarin bincike, tritium shine wani isotope na hydrogen. Spain tayi babban ƙoƙari don haɓaka fasaha zai iya tasiri ci gaban mai sarrafawa. Taimako tare da kayan sana'a, tsarin sarrafa nesa, da tsarin ƙarfe na ruwa.
Bugawa labarai
Sabon labarai game da aikin ITER shine cewa lasisin lasisi a cikin 2012 daga hukumomin Faransa. Ginin ya fara a cikin 2014 kuma an rarraba kayan haɗin ga ƙasashen da ke cikin aikin.
Ba kowa ne yake yarda da babbar jarin tattalin arziƙin da haɗakar nukiliya ke buƙata ba. Menene ƙari, Akwai wasu matsalolin da dole ne a warware su, kamar ƙarni na gas tritium gas.. Akwai wasu kungiyoyin da suka yi bayanin cewa makasudin makamashin da muka gani za a iya cimma su idan aka sanya duk wannan jarin cikin makamashi mai tsafta da arha kamar hadewar makamashi mai sabuntawa.
Hakanan ana tunanin cewa haɗin haɗin makamashi mai sabuntawa za'a iya yin shi cikin kankanin lokaci kuma a farashi mai rahusa. Suna la'akari da cewa samar da makamashi ta kowane hali na cin kuɗi kuma yana haifar da wani tasirin muhalli zuwa wani mataki. Koyaya, makamashi mai sabuntawa an nuna rashin tasirin muhalli yayin amfani da makamashi daga yanayi. Baya gurɓata yayin amfani dashi kuma ana iya haɓaka shi da ci gaban fasaha.
Dogaro da yadda binciken ITER ke tafiya, Ba zai yiwu a samar da makamashi ba a matakin kasuwanci har zuwa shekarar 2035 a farkon.
Ina fatan cewa tare da wannan bayanin zaku iya ƙarin koyo game da aikin ITER.