Gurbatar iska yana shafar yawancin mutane a yau kuma wannan yana da matukar damuwa, tunda tana haifar da mace-mace kusan 16.000 a shekara a Spain. Akwai mutanen da "ba sa ganin" gurɓata, duk da haka muna ci gaba da shaƙarta.
A gefe guda kuma, akwai karin karatu da ke tabbatar da babbar lalacewar da gurbatar yanayi ke haifarwa a tsarin halittu, rage rabe-raben halittu da kawo karshen karfin haihuwa na tsuntsaye. Me kuke yi game da gurbatawa?
Gurbacewar Yanayi
Ko da yake yawan gurbatar yanayi a Spain ya ragu (Mun san wannan saboda kafin a sami yankuna 49 da suka wuce iyakokin abubuwan da aka dakatar kuma yanzu akwai yankuna hudu ko biyar kawai), ba a isa yin ƙoƙari don rage wannan haɗarin ga lafiyar ɗan adam da tsarin halittu ba.
Gurbatar iska yana cutar da lafiyar mutum da kuma muhalli kuma matsala ce ta cikin gida, yanki da ma duniya baki daya, amma menene asalinsa da yadda yake.
Tushen gurbatar muhalli
Akwai hanyoyi daban-daban da suke gurɓata, na ɗabi'a da na asali na ɗan adam: amfani da ƙashin mai don samar da kuzari ko jigila; hanyoyin masana'antu; noma; sharar gida; da kuma aman wuta ko ƙurar iska.
Dogaro da asalin gurɓataccen yanayi, ana haifar da wani ko wani nau'in gurɓataccen yanayi a cikin yanayi. Birane na Spain suna da manyan nau'ikan barbashi huɗu: dakatar barbashi (PM10 da PM2.5), nitrogen oxide, lemar sararin samaniya da polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.
Dogaro da lokacin shekarar da muke ciki, wasu gurɓatattun abubuwa suna da yawa kuma wasu sun fi karanci. Don samun kyakkyawan ra'ayi, a yanzu, a cikin wannan watan na Nuwamba, abubuwan da suka fi ƙazantar da su kuma waɗanda suka fi yawa sune barbashin dakatarwa. Wadannan barbashi sune mafi hatsari ga mutane, Tunda suna da ikon kutsawa zuwa ga huhu na huhu.
Sabon rahoto daga Hukumar Kula da Muhalli ta Turai ya danganta ga PM2.5 a jimilce Mutuwa 400.000 na saurin mutuwa a kowace shekara a cikin ƙasashe 28 na Tarayyar Turai; Mutuwar 16.000 a Spain. 35% na asalin waɗannan ƙwayoyin suna cikin motoci, 20% a masana'antu kuma 15% a cikin gini.
Gurɓata gurɓataccen yanayi
Gurbatar yanayi yana da nasa hanyoyin watsawa. Wato, koda muna gurɓata, barbashi ba koyaushe yake zama tabbatacce a wurin asalin ba, amma dai yana watse ko'ina cikin wuraren. Wannan yana taimakawa rage adadin kwayar da ta shafi mu mutane.
Wannan watsawa ya fito ne daga ruwan sama da iska. Yanzu, rashin ruwan sama ma yana nufin cewa gurɓatuwa ba ta saurin warwatsewa. Bugu da kari, akwai kuma rashin iska da kuma juyawar yanayin zafi. Fiye da duka, saboda wannan jujjuyawar zafin ne ba komai ba kuma babu komai ƙasa da yanki a cikin mahalli inda zafin jiki baya ragu saboda tsayi. Wannan yana haifar da toshewa wanda zai hana iska tashi da tsabtace yanayi kusa da doron ƙasa.
Gurbatar yanayi ya dogara ba kawai ga hayaki ba, har ma da yanayin. A bayyane yake, idan ba mu fitar da iskar gas ba, da ba za a sami gurbatawa ba, amma gaskiya ne cewa yanayin yanayi yana da alhakin kwararar iska, ruwan sama, da sauransu. Kuma wannan yana taimakawa wajen yada gurɓataccen yanayi daga wuraren da ke da yawan taro.
Idan lokutan fari wanda sauyin yanayi ko raƙuman zafi suka haifar ana sa ran ozone ya karu. Ozone a saman yana haifar da lalacewar fata da matsalolin numfashi. Ozone abokin aikinmu ne kawai lokacin da aka samo shi a cikin yanayin da ake kira "ozone layer".
Koyaya, ya faɗi cewa a cikin inan shekarun nan Spain ta samu ci gaba gaba ɗaya a game da rage gurɓacewa; ƙasa da sashin nitrogen oxide inda, kodayake an rage matakan da kashi 30% a Madrid ko Barcelona, Dokar har yanzu ba a bin ta: ba ta isa ta rage hayakin da motoci ke fitarwa ba, amma abin da dole ne a rage shi ne kai tsaye lambar su.
Kamar yadda kake gani, har yanzu akwai sauran ƙoƙari don cimmawa.