A cikin labaran da suka gabata muna ganin cewa shine damuwa. Hanyar hakar iskar gas ne da mai don aiwatar da wannan dabarar, anyi amfani da matsin lamba akan wasu kayan ƙasa inda za'a fitar da shi. Wannan yana aiki ne don amfani da raunin da ya riga ya kasance a cikin dutsen da kuma sakin iskar gas ko mai. A yau mun mai da hankali kan fracking a cikin Spain. Ta yaya rikice-rikice ya ɓullo a cikin waɗannan shekarun da kuma yadda ya samo asali a kowane lokaci. Me yasa dakatar da amfani da fracking?
A cikin wannan labarin za mu gaya muku duk game da ɓarna a cikin Spain.
Sakamakon fasawa
Matsalar fracking shine cewa wata dabara ce da take lalata yankuna da yawa na duniya. Tasirin muhalli yana da yawa yayin da wasu mahimman gas na ƙasa ba su da damar shiga. Akwai karatuna da yawa wadanda ke bayyana illolin da lalacewa ke haifarwa ga muhalli. Yana lalata duka flora, fauna, ruwa, ƙasa da kuma lafiyar mutane. Wannan saboda ana amfani da nau'ikan sinadarai iri daban-daban don fasawa da siririn dutsen. Da zarar an yi amfani da waɗannan abubuwan sunadarai, magudanar ruwa da ƙasar sun ƙazantu. Saboda wannan dalili, wannan fasahar hakar gas da mai koyaushe ta kasance mai rikici sosai.
Ba kawai gurɓatar da wannan fasaha ke samarwa ba amma har da iskar gas da ake fitarwa cikin sararin samaniya, wanda a cikin sa akwai iskar gas mai tasiri. Wannan gas din shine mafi cutarwa ga sararin samaniya tunda yana da sakamako mai tasiri fiye da carbon dioxide kansa. Akwai kuma wasu sinadarai da ake amfani da su kamar su benzene da gubar da aka classified a matsayin carcinogenic.
Za mu bincika yadda yanayin ɓarna a cikin Spain ya samo asali. Tun daga farkon amfani da shi da amfani da shi azaman albarkatun ƙasa har zuwa raguwarsa.
Fracking a cikin Spain
A farkon fara amfani da wannan fasahar, akwai kamfanoni guda biyar waɗanda suka ɗora naman a kan gasa a ƙasan Spain. Wannan ya fara a farkon 2010. Wannan dabarar tayi alƙawarin cewa duk iskar gas na iya rage dogaro da Spain ke yi akan hydrocarbons daga wasu ƙasashe, wanda hakan zai sa mu sami 'yanci daga gare su. Ta mahangar kuzari abu ne mai yuwuwa kuma wannan mahaɗan ya haɗu da masu unguwanni da ikon kai. Koyaya, ƙananan farashi sun ɓata duk shirye-shiryen hakar. Kamfanoni guda biyar da aka ambata a sama sun ba da damar yin musayar abubuwa.
Wannan fasahar hakar iskar gas ta kasance juyin juya halin makamashi a cikin Amurka. Kamfanonin Spain sun ce juyin juya halin iskar gas ma zai iya zuwa nan. Wannan shi ne saboda gaskiyar cewa a cikin ƙasan Spain, musamman na Basque-Cantabrian Basin, akwai ajiyar iskar gas wanda yayi daidai da kusan shekaru 70 na duk amfanin ƙasar na yanzu. Waɗannan bayanan sun fito ne daga rahoton 2013 wanda ofungiyar Kamfanonin Mutanen Espanya ta shirya don Bincike, Binciko da kuma samar da Hydrocarbons da kuma Ajiya ta groundasa. Wannan rahoto ya nuna cewa a cikin kasar Spain akwai sama da Yuro miliyan 700 a cikin iskar gas. A bayyane yake, wannan adadin kuɗin ya sa kamfanonin da aka ambata a sama suka sake yin tunani don inganta hakar gas ta hanyar ɓarkewar lantarki.
Wannan dabarar hakar tana aljanu ne ta hanyar kungiyoyin muhalli. Tasirin muhalli da lalacewa ya haifar sun yi yawa kuma suna lalata duk yankin da aka ciro kayan.
Kamfanonin 5
Kamfanoni biyar da suka jagoranci ɓarkewar fata a Spain sun kafa kungiyar da ake kira Shale Gas Spain. Duk waɗannan kamfanonin tuni sun yi watsi da wannan fasaha a cikin ƙasarmu. Kamfani na ƙarshe shine kamfanin jama'a wanda ya dogara da gwamnatin Basque. A ƙarshen Fabrairu shine lokacin da aka dakatar da izinin binciken hydrocarbon da aka bayar.
A halin yanzu muna da peran izini waɗanda ke aiki don cire iskar gas daga wannan fasaha ta ɓarkewar iska. Yawancin izini sun fi yawa akan Cantabria. A cikin wannan ƙungiya ce mai zaman kanta inda ma'aikatar makamashi ita ce, in ban da 'yan kaɗan, ta ba da koren haske don ayyukan hakar. Yanzu, a halin yanzu, kotun tsarin mulki ce ta sa al'umomin masu ikon cin gashin kansu ke da ikon ƙi ko shafi wani aiki mai rauni.
Kodayake sakonnin muhalli sun kai mizani cikin al'umma, Ba shine babban dalilin da yasa raguwa a cikin Spain ba. Babban dalilin da yasa aka daina wannan fasahar shine saboda karamin farashin mai a yau. Watau, a nan gaba, ko farashin mai na iya ƙaruwa, mai yiyuwa ne a sauya wannan halin kuma a sake yin aiki. Matsin lambar da kungiyoyin muhalli suka yi bai isa ya dakatar da wannan yunkuri ba. Koyaya, ya kamata a sani cewa tasirin muhalli da wannan fasahar hakar iskar gas ta haifar ya wuce iyakokin ƙasa. Ta wannan hanyar, ba wai kawai lalata yanayi ba, har ma yana cutar da mutane.
Sabili da haka, waɗannan ya kamata su zama dalilan da za a kawar da ɓarkewa a cikin Sifen. A wannan bangare, siyasa da samun kuri'u ta hanyar al'ummomin masu zaman kansu suma suna taka muhimmiyar rawa.
The duhu gefen fracking
Kamar yadda muka sani, an soki wannan fasahar ta fuskoki da yawa. Ofayan rikice-rikice shine haifar da ƙananan girgizar ƙasa. A wasu wurare a Amurka inda aka sami ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan girgizar ƙasa, ya kasance a waɗancan wuraren da aka sami ƙarin hakar saboda fashewar lantarki. Wurare kamar Texas ko Ohio inda da wuya akwai haɗarin haɗarin girgizar ƙasa, akwai ɗaruruwan ƙananan girgizar ƙasa.
Wani bangare kuma shine gurbatarwar da wannan fasahar tayi. Ruwa abu ne mai matukar mahimmanci kuma yayin aiwatarwa, duka ruwan karkashin kasa da wanda aka yi amfani da shi don narkar da sinadaran hakar sun gurɓace. Ba a sarrafa wasu abubuwan bugawa daidai lalacewar na iya zama mafi girma.
Kamar yadda kake gani, rikicewa a cikin Spain yana da rikici sosai. Da fatan ba zai sake bunkasa ba koda kuwa farashin mai ya tashi. Ba a biyan diyya na iskar gas sakamakon lalacewar wannan fasaha. Ina fatan cewa tare da wannan bayanin zaku iya ƙarin koyo game da wannan batun.