Dokokin thermodynamics

Tabbas kun taɓa jin ma'anar dokokin thermodynamics. Haka kuma an san shi da ka'idojin yanayin ilimin yanayin rayuwa. Wadannan suna nuni ne ga mafi tsarin farko na wannan reshe na kimiyyar lissafi. Kamar dai shi mahaifinmu ne dangane da tushen komai. Su tsari ne na yanayi wadanda suke da alhakin bayyana halayyar wadanda ake kira tsarin thermodynamic. Wadannan tsarukan sune wani bangare na duniyar da aka kebe ta hanyar ka'ida dan samun damar yin karatu da kuma fahimtar duk abinda ya shafi ilimin lissafi kamar su zafin jiki, kuzari da kumburi.

A cikin wannan labarin zamuyi bayanin duk abin da kuke buƙatar sani game da dokokin thermodynamics.

Dokokin thermodynamics

Akwai dokokin thermodynamics guda 4 kuma an jera su daga sifili zuwa uku, wadannan dokokin suna fahimtar duk dokokin zahirin halittar duniyarmu da kuma rashin yiwuwar wasu abubuwan mamaki da ake gani a duniyarmu.

Waɗannan dokokin suna da asali ko asali. An tsara wasu daga waɗanda suka gabata. Dokarshe sananniyar dokar thermodynamics ita ce dokar sifili. Waɗannan dokokin na dindindin ne a duk nazarin da aka gudanar a cikin dakunan gwaje-gwaje. Suna da mahimmanci don fahimtar yadda duniyarmu take aiki. Zamu bayyana daya bayan daya menene dokokin thermodynamics.

Dokar Farko ta Thermodynamics

Wannan dokar tana cewa ba za a iya ƙirƙira ko halakar da makamashi ba, sai dai a canza shi. Wannan kuma ana kiranta da dokar kiyaye makamashi. Kusan yana nuna cewa a cikin kowane tsarin jiki wanda aka keɓe da muhallinsa, kuzari a duk yawansa zai zama daidai ne koyaushe. Kodayake ana iya canza makamashi ta wata hanyar zuwa wata nau'in makamashi, jimillar dukkanin wannan kuzari koyaushe iri ɗaya ne.

Za mu ba da misali don fahimtar sa da kyau. Bin wannan ƙa'idar, idan muka samar da wani adadin makamashi a cikin yanayin zafi zuwa tsarin jiki, za a iya lissafa yawan kuzarin ta hanyar gano bambanci tsakanin ƙaruwa cikin kuzarin ciki tare da aikin da tsarin ya yi a cikin kewaye. Wato, bambanci tsakanin kuzarin da tsarin yake da shi a wancan lokacin da kuma aikin da yayi zai zama makamashin zafin da ake fitarwa. Koyaya, Idan muka hada dukkan karfin makamashin tsarin, duk da cewa wani bangare daga shi an canza shi zuwa zafi, jimlar karfin makamashin tsarin daya ne.

Na biyu dokar thermodynamics

Wannan doka ta faɗi haka: idan aka ba shi isasshen lokaci, duk tsarin zai zama mara daidaituwa. Wannan ka'idar kuma ana kiranta da sunan dokar entropy. Ana iya takaita shi kamar haka. Adadin entropy da ke wanzu a sararin samaniya yakan karu da lokaci. Samun tsari shine yake auna matsayin rashin tsari. Wato, doka ta biyu akan yanayin zafi tana gaya mana cewa matakin rashin tsari da tsarin yana karuwa da zarar sun kai matsayin ma'auni. Wannan ko ma'anar yana nufin cewa idan muka bada lokaci mai tsawo ga tsarin zai iya samun rashin daidaito.

Wannan ita ce dokar da ke da alhakin bayyana sakewar wasu al'amuran jiki. Misali, yana taimaka mana bayanin dalilin da yasa takarda ta kone takarda ba zata iya komawa yadda take ba. A cikin wannan tsarin da aka sani da takarda da wuta, rikici ya karu har ya zama ba zai yiwu a koma asalinsa ba. Wannan dokar tana gabatar da yanayin shigar mutum ne, wanda a tsarin tsarin jiki shine yake da wakiltar matsayin cuta da kuma rashin kuzari.

Duk wannan yana aiki tare da entropy, yana danganta matsayin makamashi wanda tsarin ba zai iya amfani dashi ba saboda haka ya ɓace ga mahalli. Wannan yana faruwa idan canji ne a cikin yanayin daidaito. Matsayi na ƙarshe na daidaituwa zai sami ƙwarewa fiye da na farko. Wannan dokar ta bayyana cewa canjin entroppy koyaushe zai zama daidai ko girma fiye da musayar zafi wanda aka raba shi da yanayin zafin jiki na tsarin. Yanayin zafin jiki a wannan yanayin muhimmin canji ne don ayyana entropy na tsarin.

Don fahimtar ka'idar thermodynamics ta biyu zamu bada misali. Idan muka kona wani abu kuma muka hada kwallon tare da tokar da ta haifar, zamu iya tabbatar da cewa akwai karancin al'amari kamar yadda yake a farkon yanayin. Wannan saboda kwayoyin sun zama gas wanda ba za'a iya dawo dasu ba kuma hakan yana haifar da warwatsewa da rikici. Wannan shine yadda muke ganin cewa a cikin jiha ɗaya akwai mafi ƙarancin tsari fiye da na jihohi biyu.

Na uku doka na thermodynamics

Wannan doka ta faɗi haka: lokacin da isa cikakkiyar sifili ayyukan hanyoyin jiki suna tsayawa. Cikakkar sifili shine mafi ƙarancin zafin jiki da zamu iya zama a ciki. A wannan yanayin, muna auna zafin jiki a cikin digiri Kelvin. Ta wannan hanyar, an bayyana cewa zafin jiki da sanyaya suna haifar da ɗaukewar entroppy ɗin ɗin zuwa cikakkiyar sifili. A cikin waɗannan sharuɗɗan ana kula da shi azaman tabbatacce tabbatacce. Lokacin da cikakkiyar sifili ta kai, matakan tsarukan jiki suna tsayawa. Sabili da haka, shigarwar zai sami ƙarancin darajar aiki.

Samun cikakken sifili ko a'a yana da sauƙi. Darajar ƙarancin sifili a cikin digiri na kelvin ba kome bane amma idan muka yi amfani da shi a cikin ma'aunin ma'aunin zazzabi na Celsius shine -273.15 digiri.

Siffar dokar thermodynamics

Wannan dokar ita ce ta ƙarshe da ta gudana kamar haka: idan A = C da B = C, to A = B. Wannan shine ya kafa ƙa'idodi na asali da na ƙa'idoji na sauran sauran ƙa'idodin ka'idojin thermodynamics. Shine abin da aka ɗauka da sunan dokar ma'aunin zafi. Wato, idan tsarin suna cikin daidaitaccen zafin jiki da kansu tare da sauran tsarin, dole ne su kasance cikin daidaitaccen yanayin zafi da juna. Wannan dokar ta ba da damar kafa ƙa'idar yanayin zafi. Wannan ka'idar tana aiki ne don kwatanta makamashin zafin jiki na jikkuna daban-daban guda biyu da aka samo a ma'aunin ma'aunin zafi da juna. Idan waɗannan jikin biyu suna da ma'aunin ma'aunin zafi, zai zama ba dole ba a cikin zazzabi ɗaya. Idan, a gefe guda, dukansu sun canza ma'aunin zafin jiki tare da tsari na uku, suma zasu kasance tare da juna.

Ina fatan cewa tare da wannan bayanin zaka iya koyo game da dokokin thermodynamics.