Kamar yadda muka sani, akwai nau'ikan dabbobi a duniyar tamu. Yau zamuyi magana akansa dabbobi masu ciyawa. Game da waɗancan dabbobi ne waɗanda ake ciyar da su kawai akan tsirrai. Ya haɗa da waɗancan nau'ikan da ke cin ganye kawai, ciyawa, har ma da waɗanda ke cin 'ya'yan itatuwa da iri.
A cikin wannan labarin zamu gaya muku duk abin da kuke buƙatar sani game da dabbobi masu cin ganye, halayensu da kuma hanyar rayuwarsu.
Babban fasali
A dabi'a, dole ne yanayin yanayi ya mamaye dabbobi. Waɗannan sharuɗɗan suna haifar da daidaitawa don tsira da yanayin. Ofayan su shine yanayin ciyarwa. A wannan yanayin, muna magana ne game da dabbobi waɗanda ke cinye tsire-tsire kawai, ya kasance ganye, ciyawa, 'ya'yan itatuwa da iri. Nau'o'in dabbobin herbivorous sun fi dabbobi masu cin nama da yawa yawa. Wannan saboda shuke-shuke sune mafi rayayyun halittu a duk duniya. Karancin albarkatun abinci ga wadannan dabbobin ba kasafai yake zama matsala ba, sai dai idan yanayin da aka same su ba abin kyama ba ne kuma na rashin jituwa.
Dabbobin herbivorous suna da saurin fahimta, wuce gona da iri da kuma rashin saurin haushi. Galibi suna cinye yawancin rayuwarsu wurin kiwo da cin abinci. Duk herbivores suna da tsarin narkewa na musamman na musamman don narkewa da kuma shan abubuwan gina jiki da aka samo daga kayan tsirrai. Hakanan yake ga masu cin nama da masu rarrafe. Kowannensu yana da tsarin narkewa wanda ya dace da kowane rayuwarsu musamman.
Saboda kayan abinci mai gina jiki na kayan lambu sun yi ƙaranci, dole ne shuke-shuke su cinye tsire-tsire masu yawa don gabatar da abubuwan gina jiki a jikinsu da ke buƙatar rayuwa da haɓaka. Ba wai kawai za a iya rage su zuwa cinye tsire-tsire ba, har ma hatsi, tsaba da fruitsa fruitsan itace don su sami isasshen kuzari don kula da kyallen takarda da kuma hayayyafa.
Mun san cewa gidan yanar gizon abinci shine ke kula da daidaita daidaito a cikin yanayin halittu. A saboda wannan dalili, yawancin ciyawar ciyawa wani bangare ne na abincin wasu dabbobi masu cin nama, wannan shine dalilin da yasa mafi yawansu suke rayuwa cikin manyan kungiyoyi don kare kansu daga masu farauta. Mafi yawan wadannan dabbobin ba su da farata, hakora masu kaifi, ko kuma wani abu na zahiri wanda yake da tasiri yayin kare kansu.
Ilimin halittar jiki na dabbobi masu ciyawar dabbobi
Za mu ga menene ainihin halayen halayen halittar halittar dabbobi masu cin ciyawar.
Hakora
Yawancin haƙoran Herbivores yawanci suna haɗe da manyan hakora da ƙasusuwa, amma ba su da zurfi sosai kuma suna da faɗi sosai. An ƙirƙira su ne don su sami damar nika tsire-tsire da kyau kuma su iya yin haske. Tsokokin waɗannan dabbobi suna motsawa ta tsokoki masu ƙarfi waɗanda ke ba shi ƙarfi don yanka da murƙushe ganye da sauran gabobin tsire-tsire. Hakoran dabbobi masu cin ciyawa sun bambanta da na dabbobi masu cin nama saboda ba su da hakora masu kaifi. Yana da kowa ga yawancin jinsuna taɓa abinci guda sau da yawa don sauƙaƙewar lalacewarta a cikin ciki. Don bazuwar su, ana amfani da kwayoyin cuta masu yawa wadanda zasu iya narkar da cellulose din ganuwar kwayar halitta.
Tsarin narkewa
Za'a iya raba ciyawar herbivores zuwa ƙungiyoyi biyu gwargwadon tsarin narkewar abincin su. Wadanda suke da tsarin narkewar abinci daya kuma waɗanda ke da tsarin narkewar polygastric. Na farkon ya fi na biyu ƙanƙanta. Ya kunshi ciki guda kuma babban halayyar sa shine yana da pH mai guba sosai. Wannan yana fifita tsarin narkewar abinci kuma yana hana yaduwar kwayoyin cuta.
A gefe guda, tsarin polygastric ya fi dacewa da dabbobi an san su da dabbobi. A cikin wannan ƙungiyar akwai shanu, tumaki, awaki da dabbobin daji, da sauransu. Ciki ya rabu da abokin zama daki. Wannan narkewar yana taimakawa haɓaka ƙwayoyin cuta waɗanda ke taimakawa wajen narkar da abinci mai narkewa don taimakawa ƙasƙantar da bangon kwayar ƙwayoyin halitta.
Za'a iya sake jujjuya gutsun cikin sau da yawa don a sake tauna shi a sake haɗiye shi. Waɗannan dabbobin za su iya yin awoyi suna zaune a ƙasa tauna, sake tayarwa da hadiye abinci sau daya.
Nau'o'in dabbobi masu ciyawa
Dogaro da abinci da fifiko ga takamaiman sassan shukar, akwai nau'ikan dabbobi masu dahuwa:
- Frugivores: tana ciyar da kusan ona fruitsan tsire-tsire.
- Granivores: zai fi dacewa cinye tsaba.
- Xylophages: suna cin itace.
- Ctasusuwa wanda asalin abincin shi shine tsirin furannin.
Yana da mahimmanci a tuna cewa wannan rarrabuwa ba ta da tsari ba, saboda haka yawanci baya taimakawa sosai yayin kokarin rarraba dabbobi daga mahangar haraji. Wannan saboda ƙungiyoyi galibi sun haɗa da nau'ikan halittu waɗanda suka sha bamban da juna. Za a iya samun tsuntsaye, kwari, kifi.
Misalai
Zamu kawo wasu misalai na sanannun dabbobi masu cin ciyayi:
- Zomo: Dabbobi ne da ke ciyar da galibi akan ganye. An daidaita su musamman don aiwatar da saurin narkewar kayan shuka da yawa.
- Saniya: Yana daya daga cikin dabbobin gona mafi girma kuma mafi yawa a duniya. Yana da tsarin narkewar abinci na polygastric kuma yana da haske. Kuna iya cinye ciyawa da yawa a cikin ɗan gajeren lokaci. Bayan wannan, dole ne ya ɗauki dogon lokaci yana walƙiya don sake farfadowa, taunawa da haɗiye kuma.
- Doki: tana da hakora masu karfi wadanda zasu iya jan ganye da ‘ya’yan itacen. Dabbar monogastric ce wacce ke aikin narkewa cikin kankanin lokaci. Da yake ba dabba ba ce, babban hanjinta yana ba da damar amfani da cellulose da sauran mayuka masu ƙyalli kamar yadda ake yi wa dabbobi.
- Termit: su kwari ne masu kama da tururuwa amma farare a launi. Suna da yalwa kuma suna cin abinci ne kawai akan itace. Su kwari ne da ke iya narkar da cellulose a cikin tsarin narkewar abinci. Yawanci suna haɗuwa da ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta waɗanda ke rayuwa a cikin hanjinku.
Ina fatan cewa tare da wannan bayanin zaku iya koyo game da dabbobi masu ciyawar dabbobi da kuma hanyar rayuwarsu.