Fashin wuta

Man burbushin halittu Su ne tushen tushen makamashin da muke da shi a duk duniya. Aan ragowar kwayoyin ne waɗanda suka kasance a duniya kuma, bayan an sanya su cikin zafin rana da matsi na ɓarkewar ɗaruruwan miliyoyin shekaru, ya ƙirƙira kuma ya ƙunshi adadin makamashi mai yawa. Samuwar ta ya samo asali ne daga tsarin halitta na bazuwar halittar matattu da kwayoyin da aka binne. A tsawon shekaru, wannan bazuwar ya zama hydrocarbon da ke dauke da makamashi.

A cikin wannan labarin za mu mai da hankali kan bayanin halaye, aikace-aikace, asali da kuma illolin da ke haifar da mai. Shin kana son sanin komai game dasu?

Man burbushin halitta a matsayin tushen makamashi

Duniyarmu tana ci gaba da canzawa. Ci gaban tattalin arziki wanda ya haifar da juyin juya halin masana’antu yana sanya al’ummar mu ci gaba. Ungiyar gama-gari ta masana'antu inda ci gaban tattalin arziki yake da alaƙa da tushen makamashi.

Energyarfin da ɗan adam yake ci kowace rana don aiwatar da dukkan ayyukan ana samun sa ne daga tushe daban-daban. Wasu daga cikinsu sune sabunta kafofin da sauransu ba. A yanzu, duniyarmu tana motsawa galibi tare da makamashi marasa sabuntawa waɗanda ke ƙazantar da duniya.

Ana samun makamashi ta hanyar konewar wasu abubuwa wadanda suka fito daga ragowar tsire-tsire da sauran kwayoyin halittun da suka lalace tsawon shekaru. Miliyoyin shekaru da suka gabata, waɗannan abubuwan sun kasance binne su ta hanyar abubuwan al'ajabi na halitta da kuma aikin ƙwayoyin cuta. Da zarar an binne su a cikin ɓawon burodi na ƙasa, sun jajirce ga yanayin matsi da zazzabi mai ƙarfi wanda ya ba su halayen su na yanzu.

Ire-iren burbushin halittu

A halin yanzu, ana amfani da nau'o'in burbushin halittu don samun kuzari. Kowannensu yana da halaye da asali daban-daban. Koyaya, dukkansu suna ƙunshe da adadi mai yawa wanda ake amfani dashi don amfani daban-daban.

Gaba zamuyi bayanin manyan:

• Carbon ma'adinai. Kwal ne wanda aka yi amfani dashi don locomotives. Yawanci shine carbon da aka samo a cikin manyan ɗakunan ajiya a cikin ƙasa. Don cire shi, an gina ma'adinai inda ake amfani da albarkatu.
• Man Fetur. Cakuda ne na nau'ikan nau'ikan hydrocarbons a cikin yanayin ruwa. Ya ƙunshi wasu manyan ƙazanta kuma ana amfani dashi don samun mai da samfuran abubuwa daban-daban.
• Gas na gas. Ya ƙunshi galibi gas. Wannan gas din yayi daidai da mafi kankantar bangaren hydrocarbons. Saboda haka, ana cewa gas ɗin ƙasa ba shi da ƙazanta kuma yana da tsabta. Ana cire shi daga filayen mai a cikin hanyar gas.
• Sand sandar tar da kuma raƙuman mai. Abubuwa ne da aka samar dasu ta yashi mai yumbu wanda ya kunshi kananan ragowar kwayoyin halittar. Wannan kwayar halitta ta kunshi kayan da aka lalata tare da tsari kwatankwacin na mai.

Hakanan ana ɗaukar makamashin nukiliya a matsayin nau'in burbushin halittu. Ana fitar da shi sakamakon tasirin nukiliya da ake kira Yunkurin nukiliya. Rabon tsakiya ne na atam masu nauyi kamar uranium ko plutonium.

Samuwar mai

Man fetur burbushin halittu ne wanda ya samo asali daga tarkacen abincin dabbobi, dabbobi da tsire-tsire masu rai. Waɗannan rayayyun halittu sun rayu a cikin teku, lagoons da bakinsu kusa da teku.

Ana samun mai a ciki waɗancan kafofin watsa labaru na asali. Wannan yana nufin cewa al'amarin da ya samo asali halitta ne kuma an ajiye shi da danshi. Mai zurfi da zurfi, ta hanyar matsi na ɓawon burodi na ƙasa, an canza shi zuwa hydrocarbon.

Wannan aikin yana ɗaukar miliyoyin shekaru a cikin lokaci. Sabili da haka, kodayake ana ci gaba da samar da mai, yana yin hakan ne a cikin ragi mara nauyi ga ma'aunin ɗan adam. Bugu da ƙari, ƙimar amfani da mai kamar haka ne cewa an riga an tsara ranakun da zai rage shi. A cikin tasirin samuwar mai, kwayoyin cutar aerobic sunyi aiki da farko kuma kwayoyin anaerobic daga baya, a cikin zurfin mafi girma. Wadannan halayen suna sakin oxygen, nitrogen, da sulfur. Wadannan abubuwa guda uku suna daga cikin hadadden mahaukatan hydrocarbons.

Yayinda ake matse lalatattun abubuwa ta sakamakon matsin lamba, an kafa gadon gado. Bayan haka, saboda tasirin ƙaura, man ya fara ɗaukar ciki duk duwatsun da ke da haɗari da ƙari. Wadannan duwatsu an kira su "Warehouse rocks." Can mai ya tattara ya zauna a cikinsu. Ta wannan hanyar, ana aiwatar da ayyukan hakar mai don amfani da shi azaman mai.

Abvantbuwan amfãni da rashin amfani

Man burbushin yana da fa'idodi da rashin fa'ida da yawa idan ya zo amfani da su azaman tushen makamashi. Bari mu bincika su:

• Yalwa a cikin adibas. Kodayake akwai maganar faduwar gaba, burbushin tanadin mai dole ne ya samar mana. Tare da haɓakar makamashi mai sabuntawa, amfani da shi yana raguwa kowace rana.
• Samun dama ga tanadi ba shi da rikitarwa har yanzu. Wannan yana nufin cewa, kasancewa mai sauƙin cirewa, an rage farashin tattalin arziƙi.
• Yana bayar da iko mai yawa a farashi mai sauƙi. Dole ne a faɗi cewa, kodayake ba su da amfani na dogon lokaci, suna da ƙarfi da kuzari masu arha.
• Jigilar kayayyaki da adana shi mai arha ne kuma mai sauƙi. Ba kamar makamashi mai sabuntawa ba, jigilar kaya da adana albarkatun mai suna da sauki. Sabuntawa suna da rashi a cikin su tsarin ajiya.

Rashin dacewar sun fi fadi tunda sun kasu kashi da yawa. Zamu tattauna su kashi-kashi.

Rashin gurɓatar muhalli

Combonewa, hakar, sarrafawa da jigilar waɗannan ƙarancin burbushin suna da sakamako kai tsaye kan tasirin greenhouse. Kusan 80% na iskar carbon dioxide a duniya sun samo asali ne daga amfani da mai.

Tasirin Lafiya

Yawan jama'a ya kamu da gurɓacewa kuma suna fama da cututtukan numfashi da na jijiyoyin zuciya. Yankunan da suka fi damuwa a cikin jama'a sune mata masu ciki, tsofaffi da yara. Yara galibi sun fi shafa, tunda yawan gudu yayin da kuke wasa, suna shan iska sosai kuma suna shan ruwa da yawa. Tsarin ku na yau da kullun bai inganta ba sosai don kawar da abubuwa masu cutarwa.

Bari muyi fatan cewa makamashi masu sabuntawa zasu maye gurbin burbushin halittu da inganta rayuwar.