Shin kun taɓa jin menene permafrost? Launi ne na ƙasa wanda yake daskarewa har abada kuma ma yana da tsayin mita 1.000 a wasu wuraren. An samo shi a ƙasa da saman duniya a cikin yankuna masu arctic. Wannan asalin dusar kankara an kirkireshi miliyoyin shekaru da suka gabata lokacin da shekarun kankara suka mamaye.
To, a halin yanzu, Underarƙashin tasirin mutane da ɗumamar yanayi, wannan permafrost yana narkewa. An yi bincike kan narkewar permafrost kuma an kammala cewa wannan na iya kaiwa ga cewa yana haifar da canjin canjin yanayi, sai dai idan mun sami wasu hanyoyin da zamu sa baki.
Matsalar permafrost
Permafrost yana narkewa ne saboda ɗumamar yanayi kuma, ban da matsalolin da yake haifarwa ga jinsunan da ke rayuwa a ciki da ma duk yanayin halittar da ke da alaƙa, babbar matsalar da take da ita ga duniyar, shi ne cewa yana dauke da adadi mai yawa na methane wanda za'a iya sakashi zuwa sararin samaniya idan daga ƙarshe ya narke gaba ɗaya.
Mun tuna cewa gas din methane gas ne na ƙasa wanda ke iya riƙe har zuwa sau 25 fiye da zafi fiye da carbon dioxide (CO2). Yayin da kankara ke narkewa, ana fitar da methane a cikin yanayi koyaushe, kuma kasancewarta iskar gas, tana ƙara ƙaruwar ɗumamar yanayi.
Ba za mu iya dakatar da wannan aikin ba, duk da haka, za mu iya ƙoƙarin kama methane kamar yadda aka sake ta, tun da masana'antar gas kuna da fasahar yin hakan kuma ku shiga yaki da canjin yanayi.
A shekarar 2014, masana kimiyya suma sun fara gano wasu ramuka masu ban tsoro a cikin shimfidar wuri, wadanda suka bayyana cewa sun samu ne sakamakon fashewar abubuwa. Ya bayyana cewa matsin lamba a cikin tudun yana ginawa har sai an saki babban kumfa mai guba tare da ƙarfin fashewar abubuwa. Wannan sakin gas ɗin na methane yana da sakamako a duniya, tunda wannan gas ɗin yana adanawa da haɓaka tasirin canjin yanayi.
Mecece matsalar duk wannan? Wannan duk da cewa masana'antar gas suna da fasahar dakatar da hakan da kuma kama tarko na methane, tunda ba za'a iya kasuwanci dashi ba, basu saka jari a ciki. Hanya daya mai yiwuwa shine a kalla a ƙona gas don canza methane zuwa CO2 wanda ke riƙe da ƙarancin zafi sosai. Wannan zai fi dacewa da muhalli fiye da barin methane ya tsere. Koyaya, duk wannan aikin dole ne gwamnatoci su biya shi gaba ɗaya.