Overan shekaru 2 da suka gabata, musamman a ranar 15 ga Oktoba, 2015, aka buɗe ta hana amfani da kuzari masu sabuntawa a cikin Ajantina.
A waccan ranar, an buga doka 27.191 a cikin Jaridar Gwamnati, wannan ƙa'idar ita ce walƙiya hakan ne ya ba da haske ga haɓakar ƙarancin sabunta abubuwa a cikin kudancin ƙasar.
Wannan doka ta ba da izinin zuwan saka hannun jari daga 7000 miliyan daloli da ɗaruruwan sabbin kamfanoni don girka da sarrafa tsire-tsire masu daukar hoto, gonakin iska, tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire da tsire-tsire da ƙananan tsiron lantarki.
RenovAr Shirin
Kamar yadda muke bayani a ciki sauran labarai, wannan zai zama shekara mai girma don haɓaka abubuwan sabuntawa. A zahiri, ayyukan da aka sanya hannu a cikin watanni 12 da suka gabata za a fara gina su, tare da 26 waɗanda tuni ana kan aikin su, daidai da RenovAr Shirin, wanda Gwamnati ta tallata.
Idan Ajantina ta ci gaba da wannan matakin, za ta cika makasudin rufe 20% na matirinta na makamashi tare da kuzari masu sabuntawa zuwa 2025, a yau adadin bai kai kashi 2% ba, amma tare da sababbin tsire-tsire a karkashin gini zai ba da izinin kaiwa 8% a wannan shekara da 12% a 2019.
A cewar wasu jami'ai: «Yana da girma me yana faruwa a Ajantina, kasar tana sanya kanta a duniya a matsayin daya daga cikin kasuwannin da suka fi kyau don ci gaban kuzari masu sabuntawa ”.
Juan Bosch, shugaban Saesa, mai siyar da iskar gas da makamashi, ya tabbatar da cewa Argentina tana samun mafi kyau sosai. "Idan kuka waiwaya baya shekaru biyu kawai, za ku ga cewa kasar ta sake taka leda a wani wasan a lamuran sabuntawa, tana da kashi 1/2% ne kawai na sabuntawar a matrix din makamashi. A yau babu taron majalissar makamashi da za a iya sabuntawa a duniya inda ba a tattauna Ajantina a matsayin makasudin sanya hannun jari ”
Waɗannan saka hannun jari suna zuwa daga ko'ina cikin duniya. Wadannan zasu taimakawa Ajantina zuwa girma a cikin duniya mai sabuntawaDuk da yake a nan akwai ƙarfin shigar 678 MW, Uruguay tana da 1720 MW (44% na matrix makamashi); Chile, 3740 MW (17%), da Brazil, 28.310 MW (18%).
A halin yanzu 678 MW ne kawai na sabunta kuzari ke ciyar da matattarar makamashin Argentina, yayin saduwa da kashi 20% da aka sanya a 2025 zai nuna isa 10.000 MW. Don cimma wannan, gwamnati ta ƙaddamar da shirin RenovAr, babban rashi wanda aka raba shi zagaye wanda ke ba da ayyukan samar da aiyuka ga kamfanoni daban-daban.
Har zuwa yanzu, abin da ya fi yaduwa shi ne abin da aka ambata a sama RenovAr Shirin, wanda ya riga ya kammala zagaye uku (zagaye 1 a watan Agusta 2016; zagaye 1,5 a Nuwamba 2016, da zagaye 2 a watan Oktoba 2017). Nau'in ya ƙayyade cewa tuni akwai 4466,5 MW da aka ba da wannan tsarin, daidai da ayyuka 147 (59 na zagaye na 1 da 1,5 da 88 na zagaye 2). "Zuwa wannan dole ne mu ƙara ƙarin ayyukan 10 na ƙuduri 202".
Farashin
Zuba jari da ake buƙata suna da mahimmanci kuma sun dogara da nau'in fasahar da aka zaɓa: misali, girka MW ɗaya na ƙarfi a cikin hasken rana, dole ne ya bayar kusan $ 850000, yayin da na MW daya na makamashin iska, ana buƙatar kusan dala miliyan 1.2.
Dangane da albarkatu, kasar ba ta da abin da za ta yi wa sauran kasashe hassada. Akwai iska mai yawa (da kyau mai kyau) a Patagonia; rana mai yawa a Arewa (duk da cewa a Córdoba), kuma akwai albarkatu da yawa na biogas da biomass a yankin noma. Hakanan akwai damar a cikin karamin-hydroelectric plant.
Sabunta makamashi ya fi mai arha rahusa: ɗayan ayyukan RenovAr mafi arha da aka rufe akan dalar Amurka 45 ga kowane MW / h, yayin da a yau babban mai amfani yana siya daga Camessa a US $ 70/80 MW / h. Ga mabukaci na al'ada wannan yana da mahimmanci, tunda kowane MW / h na sabuntawar makamashi yana rage lissafin wutar lantarki.
Ikon iska
Gwamnati na son ƙirƙirar haɗin wutar lantarki na fasaha daban-daban (iska, hasken rana, biogas, biomass da mini-hydro), amma babban shine wutar iska, inda tuni akwai kwangilolin da aka bayar na jimlar 2.5 GW.
Hasken rana
Bayan makamashin iska, hasken rana yana gaba cikin mahimmancin, tare da bayar da ayyukan by 1732 MW. A halin yanzu, wannan fasahar ba ta da kutsawa cikin ƙasar. Akwai MW 7 kawai a cikin San Juan, wanda dole ne a ƙara shuka gwajin na 1,5 MW shima a cikin wannan lardin.
A wannan halin, 360 Energy shine, dangane da kyaututtuka, shine kamfanin samar da makamashin hasken rana mafi girma a cikin ƙasa. Shugabanta, Alejandro Lew, ya nuna cewa, a matsayin wani ɓangare na sabon sabuntawar sauyi, wannan kamfanin ya sanya hannu kan kwangiloli da yawa a karkashin dokokin RenoVar 1,5 Round (kwangila bakwai, na 165 MW, a San Juan, Catamarca da La Rioja, wanda kwantiraginsa na farko zai fara aiki a watan Maris) kuma a Zagaye 2 (kwangila na 147 MW cewa za su fara aiki a cikin 2019 da 2020, a cikin Catamarca, San Juan, La Rioja da Córdoba "Gaba ɗaya, za mu saka dala miliyan 300.
Lew ya jaddada cewa Argentina na iya zama hasken rana. Musamman a arewa maso yamma na ƙasar, amma kuma a wuraren da za a iya gani ba sosai m, kamar lardin Buenos Aires (wanda ya fi wasu yankuna na Turai). "Ci gaban da aka tsara a cikin hasken rana ya nuna cewa za a iya samar da dukkanin matanin makamashi ta wannan hanyar."
Sauran kuzari
Da ɗan gaba a baya, amma kuma tare da saka hannun jari da ayyukan, ku zo biogas da biomass. Ya zuwa yanzu an bayar da kyautar MW 65 da 158 MW, a kowane yanayi. A yau, ana kidaya tsire-tsire masu amfani da biogas a cikin yatsun hannu ɗaya (kusan 10 MW), amma an kiyasta cewa a cikin watanni 24 masu zuwa za a sami kusan 30.
Misali SeedsEnergy, ya ba da sanarwar saka hannun jari na dalar Amurka miliyan 11 don gina injin biogas a Venado Tuerto (2 MW) da dala miliyan 13 don gina wani a Pergamino (2,4 MW). «Wannan zai kasance a farkon matakin saboda muna tunani fadada iya aiki. Idan akwai RenovAr 3, zamuyi la'akari da gabatar da kanmu, saboda muna son gina ƙarin shuke-shuke da sake ribar riba ».
Juyin juya halin da aka samu a cikin waɗannan shekaru 2 na ƙarshe yana da ban mamaki, kuma ya sanya ƙasar cikin idanun masu saka hannun jari na duniya, suna zuwa saka jari na miliyoyin dala, an sanya hannu kan kwangila, an gina wuraren shakatawa da yawa kuma ana samun aikin yi. Har yanzu akwai sauran aiki a gaba don Ajantina ta kasance mai ƙarfi a cikin makamashi mai tsabta, amma tuni an riga an aza dutse na farko.