Tabbas dole ne kuyi karatun ilimin ilmin halitta daya daga cikin matakan rayuwa na numfashi na salon salula wanda ke faruwa a jikin mu. Game da shi Krebs sake zagayowar. Hakanan an san shi da sunan zagayen citric acid kuma mataki ne na rayuwa wanda ke faruwa a cikin matakan mitochondrial na ƙwayoyin dabbobi.
A cikin wannan labarin zamu gaya muku menene halayen kuma zamuyi bayanin sake zagayowar Krebs mataki zuwa mataki da mahimmancin sa.
Numfashi na salula
Kafin fara bayanin menene zagayen Krebs, dole ne mu tuna cewa numfashi na salula ya ƙunshi matakai uku. Bari mu ga wane ɗayan matakan:
- Ciwon ciki- Wannan tsari ne wanda ake raba glucose cikin kananan sassa. A yayin wannan aikin an samar da pyruvate ko pyruvic acid wanda zai haifar da Acetyl-CoA.
- Krebs sake zagayowar: A cikin sake zagayowar Krebs, Acetyl-CoA yana da oxidized zuwa CO2.
- Sarkar numfashi: a nan mafi yawan kuzarin ana samar da su ne ta hanyar canzawar wutan lantarki daga hydrogen. Wannan makamashi ya samo asali ne daga kawar da abubuwan da ke cikin abubuwan da suka gabata.
Menene zagayen Krebs
Mun san cewa zagaye ne mai rikitarwa kuma yana da ayyuka da yawa waɗanda ke taimakawa ƙwayar salula. Ba tare da wannan sake zagayowar ba, ƙwayoyin halitta ba za su iya samun ko cika muhimman ayyuka ba. Babban burin zagayen Krebs shine don inganta lalacewar ƙarshen abubuwan da ke haifar da haɓakar carbohydrates, lipids da wasu amino acid. Duk waɗannan abubuwan da aka cinye cikin jiki ta hanyar abinci ana jujjuya su zuwa Acetyl-CoA tare da sakin CO2 da H2O da kira na ATP.
Anan ne ake samarda kuzarin da kwayoyin dole ne suyi amfani dashi don aiwatar da ayyukansu. Daga cikin matakai daban-daban na zagayen ruwan citric acid zamu sami tsaka-tsakin matsakaici daban-daban waɗanda ake amfani dasu azaman masu ƙaddara halittar amino acid da sauran kwayoyin. Ta hanyar sake zagayowar Krebs muna samun kuzari daga kwayoyin halittar abinci kuma an canza su zuwa kwayoyin sun kasance don fitarwa da kuzari don amfani dasu cikin ayyukan salula. Tare da wannan kuzari zamu iya aiwatar da muhimman ayyukan mu da ayyukan motsa jiki na yau zuwa yau.
A cikin zagayen Krebs akwai wasu halayen halayen sunadarai masu yawa. Duk waɗannan halayen suna buƙatar oxygen don faruwa. Kowane tasirin sinadarai yana da haɗuwa da wasu enzymes da aka samu a cikin mitochondria. Wadannan enzymes suna da alhakin haɓaka halayen. Lokacin da muke magana game da haɓaka sakamako, muna nufin haɓaka hanzarta. Akwai masarufi da yawa waɗanda ke taimakawa halayen halayen sunadarai da wuri fiye da yadda aka saba.
Matakai na zagayen Krebs
Kamar yadda muka ambata a baya, a cikin wannan zagayowar akwai tasirin sinadarai daban-daban da ke buƙatar iskar oxygen. Abu na farko da aka fara shine duka shine dearboxylation na oxyidative na pyruvate. A wannan yanayin, gulukos din da aka samu daga lalacewar hydrates alay ya canza zuwa kwayoyin biyu na pyruvic acid ko pyruvate. Glucose ya kaskanta ta hanyar Glycolysis kuma ya zama mahimmin tushe na Acetyl-CoA. Oxidative decarboxylation na pyruvate yana farawa tare da sake zagayowar ruwan citric acid. Wannan aikin sunadaran yayi daidai da kawar da iskar carbon dioxide da pyruvate wanda ake samarwa a cikin rukunin acetyl wanda ke ɗaure ga coenzyme A. A wannan aikin sinadaran, NADH ana samar dashi azaman kwayar halitta mai ɗaukar makamashi.
Tare da samuwar kwayar Acetyl-CoA, sake zagayowar Krebs yana farawa a cikin matrix na mitochondria. Manufa ita ce hada sarkar hada hadadden sel don sanya iskar gas a cikin iskar carbin sannan a maida su iskar carbon dioxide. Duk waɗannan halayen sunadaran kuna buƙatar kasancewar oxygen. Sabili da haka, aikin numfashi na salula yana da mahimmanci.
Zagayen Krebs yana farawa ne tare da enzyme citrate synthetase wanda ke ba da damar haɓaka tasirin sinadaran canja wurin ƙungiyar Acetyl zuwa ga oxaloacetic acid wanda ke samar da citric acid da kuma sakin coenzyme A. Sunan sake zagayowar yana da alaƙa da samuwar acid. citrus da duk halayen sinadaran da ke faruwa anan.
Furtherarin hadawan abu da iskar shaka da halayen sake bayyana yana faruwa a cikin matakai masu zuwa. Wadannan halayen suna haifar da ketoglutaric acid. A yayin aiwatarwa, ana sakin carbon dioxide kuma ana samun NADH da H. Wannan acid din na ketoglutaric yana fuskantar wani aiki na rage sinadarin decarboxylation wanda aka hada shi da wani sinadarin enzyme wanda Acetyl CoA da NAD suke a ciki. Duk waɗannan halayen zasu haifar da acid mai narkewa, NADH, da kwayar GTP wanda zai biyo baya zai canza makamashinsa zuwa ga kwayar ADP da ke samar da ATP.
Bayan matakai na karshe zamu ga cewa acid mai narkewa zai sanyawa fumaric acid wanda aka fi sani da fumarate. Haɗin coenzyme nata shine ADF. Anan za a samar da FADH2, wanda shine kwaya mai ɗaukar makamashi. A ƙarshe, fumaric acid ba shi da daɗi don ƙirƙirar malic acid wanda aka fi sani da malate. Aƙarshe a cikin zagayen Krebs, malic acid ɗin zaiyi oxidized don samar da oxaloacetic acid, sun sake zagayowar. Sake dukkan halayen zasu faru a lokaci ɗaya kuma ya sake farawa.
Mahimmanci
Akwai miliyoyin muhawara don sanin cewa sake zagayowar Krebs yana da mahimmancin mahimmanci don samuwar ƙwayar tsoka da kuma dacewar jiki. Don wannan sake zagayowar yayi aiki daidai akwai abubuwan gina jiki guda 5 waɗanda jikinmu yake buƙatar aiki: thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, baƙin ƙarfe, da kuma glutamine. Waɗannan sune amino acid waɗanda ake amfani dasu don samuwar sabon ƙwayar tsoka. Sabili da haka, ya zama dole a san yadda wannan zagayen yake aiki don ƙarfafa abinci mai kyau don haɓaka haɓaka da ƙarfin tsoka.
Hakanan yana da amfani mu san zagayowar Krebs don gujewa cututtuka da yawa saboda kuzari ko ƙarancin abinci mai gina jiki a jikinmu. Kamar yadda kake gani, duk waɗannan halayen sunadaran suna faruwa lokaci ɗaya a cikin jiki don tabbatar da aiki mai kyau.
Ina fatan cewa tare da wannan bayanin zaku iya ƙarin koyo game da zagayowar Krebs da mahimmancin sa.