Tun daga cigaban juyin juya halin masana’antu da kuma gano motoci masu motoci, Haɗarin CO2 tare da wasu sun ƙara haɓakar tasirin greenhouse sosai. Kowace shekara hayakin da ake fitarwa na karuwa da yawa har ya wuce iyakokin da masana kimiyya suka sanya mai suna "ba za a iya sauyawa" ba sakamakon tasirin canjin yanayi da dumamar yanayi.
Menene tasirin hayaƙin CO2 a duniya da lafiyar mutane? Shin sun yi nasarar rage fitar da hayaki tare da dokokin yanzu? A cikin wannan labarin za mu yi ma'amala da wasu daga cikin waɗannan abubuwan da ba a san su ba don ku san yanayin duniya sosai. Kuna so ku sani game da shi? Karanta don ganowa.
Effectara tasirin greenhouse
Ga waɗanda basu tuna shi da kyau ba, tasirin greenhouse yana faruwa a cikin sararin samaniya kuma yana faruwa ta hanyar aikin wasu gas da ake kira gas mai guba. Daga cikin sauran gas akwai CO2. Zuwa yanzu, shine mafi gurbataccen iskar gas a duniya kuma, kodayake bashi da babban ƙarfin riƙe zafi, matsewar sa yana da yawa wanda shine mafi alhakin dumamar yanayi.
Haɗarin CO2 ya fito ne daga kowane nau'in konewa. Daga wuta a cikin wani ɗan ƙura mai ƙuna zuwa injin dizal na mota. Masana'antu, sufuri, Noma, da sauransu. Su ne manyan hanyoyin fitar da hayaƙin CO2 a cikin duniya. A sakamakon haka, matsakaita yanayin yanayin duniya gaba daya na karuwa kuma yana haifar da rashin daidaito a cikin tsarin halittu.
Yi rikodin watsi da CO2 a cikin 2017
Duk da cewa fasaha a fagen samar da makamashi mai sabuntawa na haifar da ci gaba a fagen fitar hayaki mai gurbata yanayi, Spain ba ta kan turba madaidaiciya. A cikin shekarar da ta gabata 2017, Haɗarin CO2 ya karu da 4,46% idan aka kwatanta da 2016. Wannan karin yana wakiltar rikodin gurɓataccen hayaƙi a cikin ƙasarmu tun lokacin da yarjejeniyar Kyoto ta fara aiki a shekarar 2005.
Wannan shi ne saboda gaskiyar cewa Spain ta ƙara amfani da albarkatun mai maimakon inganta kuzari masu sabuntawa. Bayan canje-canje a cikin manufofin da gwamnatin Rajoy ta yi, an kawar da tallafin da ke da karfin kuzari. Wannan ya haifar da saka hannun jari na farko a cikin wannan nau'in aikin sosai, don haka jajircewar sabunta kuzari ya faɗi ƙasa.
Karuwar iskar gas a cikin yanayi shine sanadin canjin yanayi. Kwal din da aka yi amfani da shi don samar da wutar lantarki ya karu da kashi 21% na shekara ta 2017. A nasa bangare, iskar gas kuma ya kara amfani da shi a cikin hada-hadar tsire-tsire da kashi 31,8%. Ba muna magana ne game da kananan adadi ba, akasin haka, karuwar tana da girma sosai kuma wannan yana haifar da karuwar hayakin CO2 cikin yanayi.
Yankunan da ke da alhakin fitar da hayaki
Ta fannoni, yawan kuzarin da aka samar tare da burbushin halittu yana da alhakin kashi 76,1% na hayaki, sai kuma tsarin masana'antu (siminti, sinadarai da masana'antar karafa) wanda ya haifar da kashi 9,6% na gas, noma da kiwo (10,1%) da kuma sarrafa shara (4,2 %).
Wannan yana wakiltar babban haɓaka idan muka yi la'akari da shekaru biyu masu tushe da EU ke tunani. Game da Iskar hayaki a cikin 1990 ya karu da kashi 18 cikin 2005 kuma game da na 22,8 da kashi XNUMX%. Babban burin Spain shine rage hayaki mai gurbata muhalli da kashi 40% nan da shekara ta 2030 idan aka kwatanta da hayakin da yake da shi a 1990.
Karuwar iskar haya kuma saboda karamin farfadowar tattalin arziki bayan rikicin da kuma dogaro da mai. Dukkanin ƙaruwar hayaƙi ana iya gani a matsayin dalilin fara dabarun rage yawan abubuwa. Ana aiwatar da shi bayan canji a cikin samfurin samarwa da kaɗan kaɗan, kamar yadda Yarjejeniyar Paris ta ba da shawarar.
Dole ne kuyi tunanin cewa kawar da CO2 daga shekara guda zuwa na gaba wani abu ne mara yiwuwa. Manta burbushin mai don samarda dakin makamashi mai sabuntawa abu ne da ke daukar shekaru da shekaru na karbuwa daga masana'antu, fasaha da yan kasa.
Kawai canzawa zuwa abubuwan sabuntawa
Karfin burbushin halittu yana da ƙarshe kuma gajere ne. A saboda wannan dalili, ana tunanin cewa mafi kyawun abu a Spain shine rufe matattarar shuke-shuke masu amfani da makamashin nukiliya a Spain yayin da suka cika shekaru 40 da haihuwa (an tsara tashoshin makamashin nukiliya don rayuwa mai amfani na shekaru 40).
Kuma shi ne cewa idan aka yi la’akari da abin da zai hana yiwuwar aiki, zuwa shekara ta 2025 kwal ba zai shiga cikin layin wutar lantarki ba. Kashi 92% na kwal da aka kona a kasarmu ana shigo da shi.
Don rage fitar da hayaki CO2 daga safara, ana buƙatar Gwamnati tayi alƙawari mai ma'ana ga motar lantarki. Motsi yanki ne mai matukar mahimmanci don kai hari kuma wanda dole ne ya zama mara gurɓata.
Wani bangare da za a yi la’akari da shi shi ne ingancin makamashi da buƙatun gudanarwa a cikin masana'antu da gine-gine. Ta wannan hanyar, ya kamata a guje wa shingen amfani da kai a cikin Spain kuma ƙarfin haɓakawar sabuntawa da aka girka ya ƙaru.
Cutar CO2 ga yanayin ƙasa da kiwon lafiya
Haɗarin CO2 yana da sakamako mai yawa ga mahalli da mutane. Tare da ƙaruwa a jere a matsakaita matsakaita na duniya saboda riƙewar zafi ta CO2 iyakokin polar suna narkewa da tashin teku. Kari akan haka, lokacin da CO2 ya shiga cikin tekun, yakan sanya shi a ciki, yana rage yawan mutane ƙwarai da gaske.
Dangane da kiwon lafiya, gurbatar iska shine ke daukar nauyin dubban mace-macen shekara a kowace shekara daga cututtukan zuciya da na numfashi. Mafi yawansu suna faruwa ne a cikin manyan biranen da gurɓatacciyar iska daga zirga-zirgar ababen hawa da yawa.
Kamar yadda kake gani, hayakin CO2 yana ci gaba da haɓaka duk da Yarjejeniyar Paris da aka ƙaddamar.