A duniyar tamu akwai dabbobi iri daban-daban dangane da yanayin da suke rayuwa da kuma karbuwa da suka samu don samun damar rayuwa a wadannan muhallin. Yau zamuyi magana akansa Dabbobin ruwa. Waɗannan dabbobin suna gabatar da wani muhimmin abu mai rarrafe wanda ya kai kusan nau'ikan 230.000 a cikin tekunan duniya. Wannan adadi yana nufin nau'in da aka gano kuma ya kimanta ainihin adadin da zai iya kusan miliyan ɗaya. Wannan saboda yawancin dabbobi har yanzu an gano saboda wahalar binciken ɗan adam game da tekuna da fasaharsu.
A cikin wannan labarin zamu gaya muku duk abin da kuke buƙatar sani game da dabbobin ruwa da kuma ainihin halayensu.
Halaye na dabbobin ruwa
Daga dukkan nau'ikan dake cikin wannan rukuni na dabbobin ruwa mafi halayyar ita ce kifi mai kusan nau'in 16.000. Daga cetaceans akwai kusan nau'in 80. Yawancin dabbobi suna mai da hankali ne a cikin zooplankton tunda ƙananan dabbobi ne. Bambance-bambancen halittun ruwa sun yi kasa sosai fiye da na halittu daban-daban saboda daidaiton yanayin. Wani abin da ke iyakance ci gaban wannan halittar shine karancin wasu albarkatu wadanda suke yanke hukunci ga rayuwa, kamar yawan haske.
Daga cikin mahimman halayen halayen dabbobin ruwa mun sami gaskiyar cewa suna buƙatar matsakaiciyar ruwa wanda ke da babban abun ciki na salts don rayuwa. Kamar yadda muka ambata a farkon labarin, ana buƙatar sauye-sauye masu sauƙaƙe wanda zai ba su damar rayuwa a cikin wannan yanayin, dangane da nau'in dabba. Misali, idan muka je kifaye da masu juyawar ruwa, zamu ga suna da tsarin numfashi wanda zai basu damar daukar iskar oxygen da ke narkewa a cikin ruwa. A wannan bangaren, akwai kifin huhu wanda zai iya amfani da iskar oxygen.
Dabbobin dabbobi masu shayarwa sune waɗanda ake bayarwa tare da huhu kawai kuma suna riƙe hawa na yau da kullun zuwa sama don shaƙar iska. Dabbobin da ke cikin ruwa dole ne su jure bambancin yawan salts a cikin yanayin da yanayin ruwan teku. Don jimre wa duk waɗannan yanayin muhalli da ke cikin tsarin halittu na cikin ruwa, ana buƙatar jerin sauye-sauye waɗanda suka gudana cikin miliyoyin shekaru.
Ofungiyar dabbobin ruwa sun haɗa da dabbobi masu rarrafe da dabbobi masu rarrafe. Rufe rukunin farko munga kifi, dabbobi masu rarrafe, dabbobi masu shayarwa da tsuntsayen teku. A cikin invertebrates muna da wasu rukuni masu yawa waɗanda suka haɗa da tsutsotsi na ruwa, echinoderms, sponges, crustaceans da mollusks.
Karɓar dabbobin ruwa
Za mu ga menene manyan sauye-sauye waɗanda irin waɗannan dabbobi zasu iya rayuwa a waɗannan mahallai.
Numfashi
Numfashi shine, watakila, mafi dacewa don dacewa da irin wannan yanayin. Tunda dabbobin da ke cikin ruwa suna rayuwa a cikin yanayin ruwa, dole ne su fuskanci matsalar shaƙar oxygen wanda ke da mahimmanci ga rayuwa. A wannan matsakaiciyar, an narkar da iskar oxygen a cikin ruwa, don haka ana bukatar gabobi daban-daban don samun damar tace iska mai narkewa a cikin ruwa. Dabbobin ruwa da numfashi na yaduwa ko numfashi na gill. Ana amfani da iska mai yaduwa ta dabbobin soso da sauran ƙungiyoyi da yawa. Ya ƙunshi shan iskar oxygen ta cikin fata da ƙwayoyin halitta. A gefe guda kuma, kifi yana amfani da numfashi na ƙarfin zuciya. Suna amfani da kwazazzabo don su iya tace iska mai narkewa a cikin ruwa.
Nutsuwa gishiri
Sauran gyare-gyaren da dabbobin ruwa ke bukata don iya rayuwa a cikin wadannan mahalli shine tsayayya da bambancin ra'ayi na salts. Misali, polyral murjal ba yawanci rayuwa a cikin ruwa mai gishiri. Ofaya daga cikin mafi sauƙin sauyawa shine na coelacanth. Kuma shine ya taru wata rana a cikin jininka domin samun damar daidaita yawan gishirin cikin ruwa. Ta wannan hanyar, yana kulawa da daidaita yawan gishirin ciki da waje, la'akari da cewa ƙwayoyin suna rasa ruwa a cikin kafofin watsa labarai tare da haɓakar gishiri mai yawa.
Temperatura
Wani karbuwa na dabbobin ruwa shine zafin jiki. Zafin ruwan teku ya banbanta tsakanin farfajiya da ciki na ruwa mai zurfi. Wannan zafin ya banbanta sabili da hasken rana da sashin farfajiyar ke karɓa. Ruwan yana da dumi a ƙananan latitude kusa da Equator kuma yana da sanyi sosai a sandunan.. A nasa bangare, mun kuma sani cewa nau'ikan daban-daban sun dace da kowane yanayi dangane da inda kuke zaune. Misali, akwai dabbobin teku masu arctic wadanda suke da sunadaran daskarewa a cikin jininsu. Har ila yau, muna da kuliyoyin da ke fuskantar matsalar tare da yanayin zafin jikinsu mafi girma da kuma samun mai yalwar ƙanshi a ƙarƙashin fatarsu wanda ke taimaka musu kiyaye zafin jikinsu.
Nau'o'in dabbobin ruwa
Zamu kawo sunayen wadanne irin dabbobin ruwa ne domin sawwaka. Akwai manyan ƙungiyoyi biyu da aka sani da vertebrates da invertebrates. Inungiyar invertebrate ta ƙunshi kashi 95% na duk dabbobin teku.
Vertebrates
A cikin ƙungiyar vertebrates muna da duk waɗanda suke da kashin baya Daniel. Shin haka ne kifi, da dabbobi masu rarrafe da dabbobi masu shayarwa, da tsuntsaye. A cikin rukunin kifaye mun sami kasusuwan jiki, mai laushi da kifi mara kifi. A cikin rukunin dabbobi masu rarrafe akwai kunkuru da teku da macizai.
Dabbobi masu shayarwa sune wadanda ƙungiyar cetaceans, sirenids, phocids da otarids suka wakilta. Game da tsuntsayen teku, dole ne a rarraba su dangane da ko suna rayuwa sosai cikin ruwan teku ko kuma ana ɗaukarsu dabbobi ne na ruwa tunda suna buƙatar wannan yanayin ruwa don ciyarwa da rayuwa.
Invertebrates
Wannan rukuni na dabbobi yayi daidai da yawancin dabbobi dake cikin tekuna. Ba su da kwarangwal na cikin gida da aka bayyana, ba kasusuwa, ko guringuntsi. Mun hada daarthropods, crustaceans, mollusks, echinoderms da porifers. Kamar sauran dabbobi, masu cinnaka ma suna yin tsari, kamar murjani da jellyfish, flatworms wanda aka fi sani da flatworms ko slugs na teku, da annelids.
Ina fatan cewa da wannan bayanin zaku iya koyo game da dabbobin ruwa da halayensu.