Ofaya daga cikin ra'ayoyin da suka shafi yanayin halitta wanda ya rikice tare da tsarin halittu shine Biome. Abun tunani ne wanda ya game dukkan yanki inda aka raba flora, fauna da yanayin yanayi. Ana iya faɗin cewa babban abin da ke tabbatar da wanzuwar kwayar halitta ɗaya ko wata daban ita ce iklima. Dogaro da yanayin yanayi, yanayi daban-daban na iya kasancewa don samuwar rayuwa da ci gabanta.
A cikin wannan labarin zamu gaya muku game da duk halayen halittu da nau'ikan da suke wanzu.
Babban fasali
Mun san cewa biome shine sashin da ke raba gabar duk inda suke abubuwa daban-daban na yanayin kasa da yanayin yanayi tare da dabi'u gama gari. Wato, akwai dangantaka tsakanin abubuwan ilimin halitta da abubuwan yanayi waɗanda ke ƙayyade nau'in fure da fauna da ke ci gaba. Dogaro da yanayin yanayi da yanayin yanayin ƙasa, yanayin rayuwa ɗaya ko wani na iya haɓaka. Ta wata hanyar ta daban, zamu iya cewa biome wani yanki ne na duniya wanda ake raba yanayi, flora da fauna.
Daga cikin manyan halayen da muke samu a cikin kwayar halitta muna da yanayin da ke akwai wanda ya danganci ruwan sama da yanayin zafi. Waɗannan biyun sune masu canjin yanayi waɗanda galibi ke ƙayyade yanayin sauran abubuwan. Bambancin nau'ikan halittu daban-daban a duniya ana rarrabe su da yanayi da al'ummomin rayayyun halittu masu tasowa. Nau'in ciyayi shine, wataƙila, ɓangaren da za'a iya ganin manyan canje-canje. Babban abin da ke bayyana nau'in biome shine yanayin yanayi.
Zamu iya cewa kalmar biome galibi tana rikicewa da manyan nau'ikan wuraren zama. Yawancin lokaci ana kiran mazaunin halittu da yanayin ƙasa.
Bambanci tsakanin biome, ecozone, yanayin ƙasa da mazauninsu
Waɗannan ra'ayoyin 4 sune waɗanda galibi suke rikicewa yayin magana game da waɗannan batutuwan. A cikin jargon yanayi da yanayi akwai ra'ayoyi mabambanta waɗanda ke ɗaukar yanayi ko halaye iri ɗaya. Za mu bayyana ma'anar manyan maganganu waɗanda galibi suke rikicewa da ma'anar kowannensu:
- Ecozones: Anari ne na saman duniyar inda muke samun rayayyun halittu kamar dabbobi da tsirrai waɗanda suka haɓaka a keɓe. Wadannan siffofin rayuwa sun bunkasa a wani yanki na musamman saboda kasancewar shingaye na dabi'a kamar yankunan tsaunuka, tekuna, manyan tafkuna ko hamada, da sauransu. Rabuwa ce mai girman gaske kuma ta dogara ne da bangarorin juyin halittar kasa da kuma yadda ake rarraba dabbobi da tsirrai.
- Muhalli: Yana da wani ra'ayi wanda yake rikicewa akai-akai tare da tsarin ilimin halittar jiki. Waɗannan yankuna ne da wasu keɓaɓɓu ke zaune a ciki, ya kasance tsirrai ko dabbobi. Mazaunin yakan kasance yana kiyayewa da kiyaye yanayin mahalli da ake buƙata don halittu masu rai suyi girma da haɓaka daidai.
- Tsarin halittu: Babban banbanci tsakanin tsarin halittu da halittu shine za'a iya cewa biome tsararraki ne wanda dukkanin halittu ke rayuwa a wani yanki kuma suna da kusanci sosai a muhallin su da kuma junan su. Daga wannan za'a iya cewa tsarin halittu shine ma'amala wanda ke kasancewa tsakanin abubuwan abiotic da abubuwan biotic. Wannan shine, a cikin tsarin halittu ana nazarin dangantakar dake tsakanin halittu masu rai da yanayin zahiri.
Yanayi
Da zarar mun bayyana abubuwan da ake fahimta, zamuyi nazarin wurin ne gwargwadon yanayin yanayin halittar. Dole ne ku yi la'akari da wasu fannoni waɗanda za su ƙayyade wurin da nau'ikan halittu daban-daban suke. Wadannan sharuɗɗan sune kamar haka:
- Latitude: Shine wanda zai tabbatar da yanayin zafi da yanayi. Dangane da latitude mun sami yankuna tare da subpolar, polar, temperate, tropical da subtropical.
- Yanayi: yawanci yana ƙaddara ta ruwan sama. Ruwan sama ya zama dole don samun damar bunkasa rayuwar flora da fauna. Anan zamu iya samun tashoshi daban-daban a wurare. Akwai lokacin damuna, lokacin rani mai bushewa, lokacin sanyi, da akasin haka.
- Tsawo: Mai canzawa ne yake tantance nau'in dabba da nau'in ciyayi da zasu iya haɓaka. Dogaro da tsawo zaka iya ganin wasu nau'in dabbobi wasu kuma na tsirrai wadanda suka dace da waɗannan yanayin.
Nau'in Biome
A duk duniya akwai nau'ikan halittu daban-daban dangane da halayen da muka ambata a sama. Bari mu ga abin da suke:
Tsarin ƙasa
Waɗannan su ne waɗanda ke bunkasa a wuraren duniyar duniyar. Yanayi ne da takamaiman yanayi, fure da fauna amma dole ne ya zama ba jinsi iri ɗaya ko kwayoyin halitta ba. Akwai nau'ikan halittu daban-daban:
- Jungle
- Bosque
- gadon gado
- Makiyaya
- Taiga
- tundra
- Desierto
- Mataki
Biome na ruwa
Su ne waɗanda suka ƙunshi yankuna da yankuna na duniya waɗanda ruwa, teku, teku, koguna, tafkuna ko kowane jikin ruwa ya rufe su. Bari mu ga abin da suke:
- Ruwan ruwa mai rai: su ne wadanda a cikinsu akwai koramu na koguna da rafuka, wanda aka fi sani da igiyar ruwa, da kuma na tsayayyun ruwa kamar tabkuna da lagoons inda ake kiran ruwan da suna lentic.
- Tsarin ruwa: Akwai yankuna daban-daban inda suka bambanta ta hanyar zurfin zurfin ruwan da nisa daga bakin teku. Mun sami tsarin halittun ruwa na ruwa ko na ruwa inda babban halayyar su shine hasken ruwan da aka basu zurfin zurfin da yalwar abinci. Sauran nau'ikan shine tekun kogin teku mai suna pelagic. Babban halayyar sa shine kasancewar ƙungiyar haske mai haske inda akwai yankuna masu zurfin zurfin inda haske baya kaiwa. Domin akwai dabbobi da tsirrai da suka dace da rashin haske da hawan ruwa.
Kamar yadda kake gani, akwai nau'ikan halittun halittu daban-daban da aka baza ko'ina cikin duniya inda akasarinsu suka samo asali ta hanyar wasu masu canjin yanayi wadanda suke haifar da ci gaban fure da dabbobi na musamman. Ina fatan cewa tare da wannan bayanin zaku iya ƙarin koyo game da abin da biome yake da kuma abin da halayensa suke.