Zubar da shara (musamman robobi) a cikin teku da tekuna babbar matsala ce ta mahalli wanda ba a samun wayewa sosai game da shi ko kuma ana aiwatar da abubuwa da yawa. Nazarin daban-daban yayi nazari tarin sharar da ake yi a kowace shekara wanda ake jefawa cikin teku da tekuna, kuma ana lasafta barnar da suke haifar wa ciyawar ruwa da fauna.
Tekun Bahar Rum ba ya tserewa saboda tarin tarin tarkace a cikin ruwansa. Menene ya faru da duk wannan ɓarnar?
Shara daga Bahar Rum
A cikin Tekun Bahar Rum akwai kimanin miliyan 62 na shara a cikin ruwanta. Daga jakunkunan shara, zuwa kayan gini, robobi, marufi, da sauransu. Wannan yana wakiltar babbar barazana ga tsarin halittun ruwa da na mutane, tunda ana iya wucewa da manyan karafa ta sarkar abinci.
Kungiyar Masana ilimin muhalli a Aiki ta gudanar da bincike kan dattin ruwa, robobi da microplastics wadanda ke kaskantar da su da kuma mummunar tasiri ga halittun cikin ruwa. Wannan binciken ya taƙaita ilimin da aka bayar wasu 300 duniya wallafe-wallafe.
Binciken yana nuna irin wadannan bayanai masu ban al'ajabi kamar kowace shekara suna shiga teku tsakanin miliyan 6,4 zuwa miliyan 8 na sabbin shara. Daga cikin abubuwanda duk waɗannan ɓarnar da aka zubar a cikin teku suka samu, zamu ga cewa kashi 80% na robobi ne. Daga cikin robobi muna samun microplastics wanda, saboda ƙaramin girmansu, suna da ikon yin tafiya mai nisa da faɗaɗa kan wasu yankuna. Masana muhalli sun yi gargaɗi a cikin taƙaitaccen binciken cewa akwai fiye da nau'ikan flora da dabbobin 690 da suka yi ma'amala da ledojin ruwan teku. Wannan yana haifar da ragowar abubuwan da za'a shigar dasu cikin sarkar mahaifa da isa ga dan adam a cikin kiwon kifi.
Yawancin sharar tana zuwa daga ƙasa
Rahoton ya lura da cewa daga dukkan sabbin shara da ke shiga teku a kowace shekara, 80% daga ciki yana zuwa daga ƙasa. A yadda aka saba, daga yankunan da ke da yawan jama'a da kasancewar wasu nau'ikan masana'antu ko wuraren shara. A farkon waɗannan karatun, an gano wasu tarkace na tarkacen ruwa galibi a bakin teku. Koyaya, tsawon shekaru, an yi rikodin manyan tsibirai na shara mai iyo a cikin babban teku da saman tekun.
Wannan adadin datti da aka samo tuni ya fi damun halittu da mutane. Microplastics sune ƙwayoyin kasa da milimita biyar a girma. Masana ilimin muhalli a cikin Ayyuka sunyi gargaɗi game da kasancewar waɗannan microplastics daga kayan kwalliya. Suna ƙetare tsarin tsabtace muhalli har sai sun shiga cikin teku da tekuna kuma sun tara a cikin sarkar abinci.
Hakanan, yawancin waɗannan microplastics sun fito ne daga rarrabuwa na yadudduka na roba (a cikin wanka guda ɗaya zasu iya samar da firam microplastic fiye da 1.900) ko kuma daga lalacewar jakunkunan filastik zuwa ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta.
Gurbatar yanayi babbar barazana ce
Koyaushe ana faɗin cewa matsalar muhalli ta farko a duniya ita ce canjin yanayi. Tasirinta a doron ƙasa yana da tsanani ƙwarai. Koyaya, matsalar gurbatar yanayi na kara canjin yanayi ya zama daya daga cikin manyan barazanar duniya na wannan karnin ga tekuna.
Hakanan ya nuna cewa a wasu lokuta kwayoyin halittun ruwa basa shan wahala kai tsaye ta hanyar kutsawa cikin ragar roba, amma raunin da ya faru ne ya haifar musu da lalura ko kuma cikas.
Bugu da kari, masana kimiyyar kula da muhalli sun lura cewa an yi amfani da shigar macroplastic a cikin kwayoyin halitta da dama, gami da nau'ikan kifayen masu tamani na kasuwanci kamar su ganyaye da mackerel, tunas na Rum da kuma ruwan tekun Atlantika, wanda rikicewar datti da abinci na iya haifar da kai tsaye, ta hanyar toshewar ciki, ko shafar jikinku cikin dogon lokaci.
Ana iya amfani da haramtattun tarun kifi don tattara kayan aiki, da girmama kifin.
A bakin dukkan kwazazzabai da rafuffuka ya kamata a sami madatsun ruwa don tattara duk abin da ya rage lokacin da akwai hanyoyi kuma ƙananan hukumomi za su kula da tattara su, ta yadda su ma za su yi aiki da niyyar kutsawa cikin ruwa da guje wa kutse cikin ruwa. Karamar hukumar da ke gabashin wannan tashar ya kamata ta kasance tana da madatsun ruwa don saukaka shigar da ruwa, dakatar da su da kuma tattara dukkan tarkacen da aka jefa a tashoshin sannan kuma a lokaci guda ya taimaka wa kamfanonin da suke kera siminti, tsakuwa da yashi, tarin ya ce kayan da ke haifar da tsabtace tashoshi masu isa don sarrafa waɗannan ruwan a mafi ƙarancin farashi.