Izindlu ze-Adobe ziyizindlu ezilungele imvelo ezakhelwe ukonga amandla futhi zenziwe ngezinto ezisetshenziswa yi-adobe, okusho ukuthi ukufakwa kwezinto ngendlela efanele. E-Spain kuyisipesheli sezifunda ezomile, njengeCastilla y León, lapho utshani bufakwa khona emhlabathini. Izakhiwo ze-Adobe zivame ukuguqulwa ngongqimba lomhlaba ofanayo njengendlu evamile e-Tierra de Campos. Nokho, abantu abaningi abazi yini i-adobe futhi yiziphi izici zayo.
Ngakho-ke, kulesi sihloko sizokutshela konke okudingeka ukwazi mayelana nokuthi iyini i-adobe, izici zayo kanye nezinzuzo zayo uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izinto.
yini i-adobe
I-adobe yisitini noma ucezu lwesakhiwo (isibonelo, esetshenziselwa ukwakha i-arch noma i-vault), ngokuvamile eyenziwa ngesandla, ikakhulukazi ngobumba nesihlabathi. Ingase ibe nodaka, futhi izinto ezinemicu, njengotshani noma eminye imicu yemvelo, kuvame ukungezwa kuyo. Kwezinye izindawo, kusetshenziswa ubulongwe benkomo omisiwe esikhundleni sotshani.
Isici esiyisisekelo se-adobe uhlelo lwayo lokumisa ngokuchayeka endaweni ezungezile ngaphandle kokufaka ukushisa, ngokuvamile ekukhanyeni kwelanga.
Uhlelo lokukhiqiza luqukethe ukuxova ingxube yesihlabathi nobumba, ukwengeza izinto ezixubene ne-fibrous, ukubeka unamathisele ezibunjeni, ukubhidliza nokomisa. I-fibrous material yengezwa ukuze i-adobe ingaqhekeki ngesikhathi somiswa, njengoba ubumba luncipha kakhulu ekulahlekelweni kwamanzi.
Izinzuzo esizithola ku-Adobe yilezi ezilandelayo:
- Akukho ukusetshenziswa kwamandla.
- Ukukhiqiza izikebhe okulula.
- Ukufakwa kahle kwe-thermal kanye ne-acoustic.
- Ingasetshenziswa njengengxenye yesakhiwo. (10 kp/cm2 kusho amandla okucindezela)
Ngasohlangothini olubi sine:
- Ukumelana okuphansi nokuguguleka.
- Ukumelana nokushaqeka okuphansi.
- Isenzo se-capillary ephezulu.
Ukuqiniswa kwezindonga
Izifundo zesayensi ezehlukene ziyenziwa njengamanje ukuqinisa izindonga ze-adobe ngokumelene nokunyakaza kokuzamazama komhlabanjengokubekwa kwezinsimbi zensimbi. I-Adobe akufanele ididaniswe ne-tapial.
I-Adobe isetshenziswe iminyaka eyizinkulungwane eziyisikhombisa ngaphambi kwesikhathi sethu, nakuba idinga indawo eseduze enobumba olwanele. Uhlobo lobumba, isihlabathi nemicu kanye namaphesenti ento ngayinye yalezi zakhi kuzothinta izakhiwo ezitholakalayo.
Singakwazi ukuthuthukisa ikhwalithi ngokucindezela kusengaphambili izingcezu ngemishini eyenziwa ngesandla noma ewumshini, ehumusha ibe ukuminyana okuphezulu futhi ngenxa yalokho ukumelana okukhulu nokucindezelwa kanye nosayizi ofanayo kanye nokucaba.
I-Adobe ivamise ukubekwa esizeni nge unamathisele ofanayo wokukhiqiza futhi akufanele neze uhlangane nomhlabathi ngenxa ye-capillarity yawo enkulu. Ezindlini ezakhiwe nge-adobe, isisekelo samatshe sibekwa phansi ukuze kuvinjelwe ukuqina kwe-capillarity. Singakwazi futhi ukumboza izindonga ze-adobe ngobumba nodaka.
Zinjani izindlu ze-adobe?
Okokuqala, ake sikhulume ngenkanyezi yalezi zakhiwo, i-adobe. Izinto ze-adobe zihlanganisa izitini ezingashi, okungamabhulokhi okwakha enziwe ngobuningi bomhlaba (ubumba nesihlabathi). I-Adobe ngezinye izikhathi ixutshwa notshani, ibunjwe izitini, futhi yomiswe elangeni ukuze isetshenziswe kamuva.
Izindlu ze-Adobe zakhiwe kusetshenziswa zonke izinhlobo zezinto zokwakha ezakha ikhaya elisimeme, njengezindonga, izindonga, namakhothamo. Amabhulokhi e-Adobe angenziwa ngesandla kusetshenziswa isikhunta samabhokisi noma izitebhisi zokhuni, irungi ngalinye lakha isikhala lapho i-adobe ifakwe khona.
Ubumba olwakha isakhiwo se-adobe lusebenza kahle nganoma iyiphi into, njenge-precast noma i- iron joists. Ngakho, Le nto eco-friendly igcwalisa ezinye izinto ngokuphelele futhi ingaxutshwa ngaphandle kwezinkinga.
Ngokuphathelene nomsuka wezinto ezakha futhi ezibonisa lesi sakhiwo se-adobe, zonke zingokwemvelo, zivela emhlabeni, emanzini, esihlabathini kanye nemicu yemifino. Futhi, kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi izindlu ze-adobe kulula ukuzishintsha, ngoba ungakwazi ukususa izindonga noma ukwandisa indlu ngezengezo ezintsha.
Ngamafuphi, ukwakha indlu ye-adobe, kunezindlela ezihlukahlukene zokukhiqiza izitini, kuye ngamasiko endawo kanye nezinga lemishini yefektri ekhethiwe.
Zakhiwa kanjani izindlu ze-adobe?
Njengamanje, izindlela ezintathu eziyinhloko zamatshe zivame ukusetshenziswa ekwakhiweni kwezindonga zale ndlu ye-adobe yemvelo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi kukhona udonga olwenziwe ngemisebenzi yezandla "yezintambo".. Imayelana nokufaka i-adobe odongeni, ngaleyo ndlela kwakheka udonga oluncane olunqunywa ububanzi be-adobe.
Inqubo yenqubo "yezintambo" ihlanganisa ukuhlanganisa izindonga ezisetshenziselwa ukuhlukaniswa kwangaphakathi. Ngokuvamile, akubona ubuchwepheshe bodonga obusiza ukufaka indlu ye-adobe, kodwa isetshenziswa njengemvilophu phakathi kwezakhiwo ezihlukene. Okwesibili, Enye indlela esetshenziswa kabanzi ekwakheni izindlu ze-adobe yindlela yodonga "ensundu".
"I-tizón" yindlela lapho i-adobe ibekwe eceleni odongeni. Ngale ndlela, ububanzi bodonga bulingana nobukhulu bohlangothi olude lwe-adobe.
Ngenxa yobubanzi bayo obukhulu, kubhekwa njengendlela yokuthwala umthwalo, okungukuthi, isetshenziswa ezindaweni ezinama-amplitudes amakhulu okushisa. Ekugcineni, enye indlela esetshenziswayo yile ebizwa ngokuthi «isikhiya esingenalutho».
Indlela "yokhiye ongenalutho" ihlanganisa ukudala udonga oluphindwe kabili ngokusekela i-adobe ngokuqondile ebusweni obuncane, ngaleyo ndlela kutholwe izindonga ezincane. Ngakho, Le nqubo ifanele izimo zezulu ezibandayo futhi ayinazo izinsiza zokwakha ezimbalwa, ngoba iqinisekisa ukwahlukanisa okuhle.
Yiziphi izici zezinto ze-Adobe?
Izinto ze-Adobe zaziwa ngokusebenza kwazo okuphansi kwe-thermal. Futhi, ngenxa yobuningi bayo, singayithola ezindaweni zenqubo yokwakha.
Okwamanje, imishini ethile ethile isetshenziselwa ukwenza izinto ze-adobe. Nokho, enye inketho okufanele icatshangelwe ukudala izakhi zezakhiwo ngendlela yakudala.
Ngethemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi mayelana nokuthi iyini i-Adobe, yiziphi izici zayo, kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza nokusetshenziswa enakho.