Yini amandla kagesi kagesi

ama-hydraulic e-spain

Kunezinhlobo eziningi zamandla avuselelekayo emhlabeni futhi ngayinye inokusebenza okuhlukile. Umgomo uyefana: ukukhiqiza amandla ahlanzekile nge-zero greenhouse gas emissions usebenzisa ezinye izinsiza zomhlaba ezingenamkhawulo. Kulokhu, sizokhuluma ngokuthi yini i-hydropower.

Kulesi sihloko sizokutshela ukuthi uyini amandla kagesi kagesi, yiziphi izici zawo, ukuthi ukhiqizwa kanjani nokuthi yiziphi izinzuzo nezinkinga zawo.

Yini amandla kagesi kagesi

uyini amandla kagesi ophehlwa ngamanzi

Amandla we-Hydroelectric energy asebenzisa amandla angavela wamanzi ebangeni elithile lombhede womfula ukuwuguqula ube ngamandla womshini endaweni ephansi kakhulu yombhede womfula futhi ekugcineni ube ngamandla kagesi. Iguqula amandla wamanzi abe ugesi. Ukuze usebenzise la mandla, kwakhiwa ingqalasizinda enkulu yokongiwa kwamanzi ukukhulisa amandla alo mthombo wendawo, ovuselelekayo nongakhiphi lutho.

Isitshalo se-hydroelectric iqoqo lezinsizakusebenza ze-elekthronikhi nemishini edingekayo ukuguqula amandla kagesi kagesi abe namandla kagesi futhi angasebenza amahora angama-24 ngosuku. Amandla kagesi atholakalayo alingana nokuphakama kokugeleza kwamanzi nempophoma.

Isiteshi samandla kagesi esivame kakhulu emhlabeni lokho okubizwa nge- «central reservoir». Kulezi zinhlobo zezitshalo, amanzi aqoqana edamini bese ewa esuka ebangeni elingaphezulu kweturbine, okwenza ukuthi i-turbine ijikeleze futhi ikhiqize ugesi ngokusebenzisa i-generator ese-nacelle. Ngemuva kwalokho i-voltage yayo iphakanyiswa ukudlulisa amandla ngaphandle kokulahleka okukhulu bese ingezwa kugridi. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, amanzi asetshenzisiwe abuyela enkambisweni yawo yemvelo.

Enye indlela "ukudlulisa ukushintshana." Lezi zinhlobo zezitshalo zisizakala ngomthambeka wemvelo womfula, bese zidlulisa amanzi ngemigudu iye esitshalweni, lapho ophephela abakwazi ukuhamba beqonde mpo (uma umfula unendawo eyehlelayo) noma uvundle (uma ithambeka liphansi) zifana nalezo ze indawo yokugcina amanzi ngendlela yokukhiqiza ugesi. Lezi zinhlobo zamafektri zisebenza ngokuqhubekayo ngoba azinawo amandla okugcina amanzi.

Izingxenye zesiteshi samandla kagesi ophehla ugesi

uyini amandla kagesi ophehlwa ngamanzi

Isitshalo se-hydroelectric sinezingxenye ezilandelayo:

  • Idamu: Inesibopho sokunqamula imifula neziphethu zamanzi (ngokwesibonelo, amadamu) ngaphambi kokuqukethwa, okwenza umehluko emanzini asetshenziselwa ukukhiqizwa kwamandla. Amadamu angenziwa ngodaka noma ukhonkolo (asetshenziswa kakhulu).
  • Ukuchitheka: Banesibopho sokukhipha amanzi amiswe kancane ngokudlula egumbini lenjini futhi angasetshenziselwa izidingo zokunisela. Zitholakala odongeni olukhulu lwedamu futhi zingaba ngaphansi noma ngaphezulu. Iningi lamanzi lilahleka emgodini ongaphansi kwedamu ukugwema ukulimala lapho amanzi ewa.
  • Ukudla amanzi: Banesibopho sokuqoqa amanzi abanjiwe bese bewahambisa emshinini ngeziteshi noma ngamapayipi aphoqelekile. Indawo yokungena yamanzi inomnyango wokulawula inani lamanzi elifinyelela ku-turbine nesihlungi esivimbela ukudlula kwezinto zangaphandle (izingodo, amagatsha, njll.).
  • Isikhungo samandla kagesi: Imishini (ekhiqiza ama-turbine, ama-hydraulic turbines, shafts kanye nama-generator) nezinto zokulawula nezokulawula zitholakala lapha. Inezicabha zokungena nezokuphuma ukushiya indawo yomshini ngaphandle kwamanzi ngesikhathi sokulungiswa noma ukuqoqwa kabusha.
  • Ama-turbines we-Hydraulic: Banesibopho sokusebenzisa amandla wamanzi adlula kuwo ukukhiqiza ukunyakaza okujikelezayo nge-eksisi yawo. Kunezinhlobo ezintathu eziyinhloko: amasondo kaPelton, ama-Francis turbines, kanye ne-Kaplan (noma propeller) turbines.
  • Inguquko- Idivayisi kagesi esetshenziselwa ukukhulisa noma ukwehlisa amandla wesifunda esishintshayo samanje ngenkathi igcina amandla.
  • Ulayini wokudlulisa amandlaIkhebula elidlulisa amandla akhiqiziwe.

Izinhlobo zezitshalo zamandla kagesi ophehla amanzi

ukusebenza kwesitshalo sokuphehla ugesi

Ngokuya ngohlobo lwentuthuko, izitshalo eziphehla ugesi ngamanzi zingahlukaniswa zibe izinhlobo ezintathu:

  • Izitshalo ze-Runoff zikagesi: lezi zitshalo zokuphehla ugesi ngamanzi ziqoqa amanzi emifuleni ngokuya ngezimo zemvelo nokuhamba okukhona kwama-turbine. Ukungalingani phakathi kwezindawo zamanzi kuncane, futhi yizikhungo ezidinga ukuhamba njalo.
  • Izitshalo eziphehla ugesi ngamanzi anezinqolobane zokulondoloza: Lezi zitshalo eziphehla ugesi ophehlwa ngamanzi zisebenzisa umthamo othile wechibi "elikhuphuka ngomfula" edamini. Noma ngabe ukugeleza komfula, idamu lihlukanisa inani lamanzi kogesi abaphehla ugesi unyaka wonke. Lolu hlobo lwefekthri lungasebenzisa amandla amaningi kanti i-kWh ivamise ukushibhile.
  • Iziteshi zokupompa ugesi: Lezi zitshalo eziphehla ugesi ngamanzi zinezinqolobane ezimbili ezinamazinga ahlukene amanzi, asetshenziswa lapho kudingeka amandla angeziwe. Amanzi aqhamuka echibini elingenhla adlula ku-turbine aye echibini elincane bese ebuyela echibini eliphezulu edonsa amanzi phakathi nosuku lapho amandla kagesi ephansi.

Amandla kagesi eSpain

Ukuthuthuka kwezobuchwepheshe kuholele ekutheni imithombo yamandla kagesi emincane ibe nezindleko zokuncintisana ezimakethe zikagesi, yize lezi zindleko zehluka ngohlobo lwesitshalo nezenzo ezizokwenziwa. Uma amandla afakiwe esitshalo sikagesi engaphansi kwe-10 MW futhi kungaba amanzi amile noma agijime, isitshalo samandla sithathwa njengesitshalo esincane sikagesi.

Namuhla, ukuthuthukiswa komkhakha kagesi ophehla ugesi waseSpain kuhlose ukwanda ukusebenza kahle ukuze kwenziwe ngcono ukusebenza kwezikhungo ezikhona. Lezi zincomo zihloselwe ukulungisa, ukwenza ngesimanje, ukuthuthukisa noma ukunweba ifektri efakiwe. Ama-hydraulic microturbines athuthukiswa ngamandla angaphansi kuka-10 kW, lawa asebenziseka kakhulu ukusebenzisa amandla we-kinetic yemifula futhi akhiqize ugesi ezindaweni eziqhelile. I-turbine ikhiqiza ugesi ngqo ngokushintshana kwamanje futhi ayidingi amanzi awayo, ingqalasizinda eyengeziwe noma izindleko zokulungisa eziphezulu.

ISpain njengamanje inezitshalo eziphehla ugesi ophehla ugesi ezilinganiselwa ku-800 ezinobukhulu obuhlukile. Kunezikhungo zokuphehla ugesi ezingama-20 ezinamamegawathi angaphezu kwama-200, ngokuhlangene amele ama-50% esamba esiphelele sokuphehlwa kukagesi. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ISpain inezinqwaba zamadamu amancane anamandla angaphansi kwama-megawatts angama-20.

Ngiyethemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi mayelana nokuthi uyini amandla kagesi ophehlwa ngamanzi nokuthi usebenza kanjani.


Yiba ngowokuqala ukuphawula

Shiya umbono wakho

Ikheli lakho le ngeke ishicilelwe. Ezidingekayo ibhalwe nge *

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  1. Ubhekele imininingwane: Miguel Ángel Gatón
  2. Inhloso yedatha: Lawula Ugaxekile, ukuphathwa kwamazwana.
  3. Ukusemthethweni: Imvume yakho
  4. Ukuxhumana kwemininingwane: Imininingwane ngeke idluliselwe kubantu besithathu ngaphandle kwesibopho esisemthethweni.
  5. Isitoreji sedatha: Idatabase ebanjwe yi-Occentus Networks (EU)
  6. Amalungelo: Nganoma yisiphi isikhathi ungakhawulela, uthole futhi ususe imininingwane yakho.