Amandla we-Biomass angenye yalezo ezisetshenziselwa ukushisa imigodi yeminqumo, izinsalela zezitshalo, njll. Ngaphezu kokukwazi ukusebenzisa lezi zinsalela ezingasebenziseki, sikhiqiza amandla avuselelekayo. Emadolobheni kunenqwaba yemfucuza engasetshenziswa ukukhiqiza amandla e-biomass.
Kokubili emapulazini ezimboni zezolimo, iminqumo, njll. Izinsalela zisetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza lolu hlobo lwamandla. Kodwa-ke, kungenzeka sebenzisa isikhuhla ukukhiqiza amandla amaningi. Kungenzeka yini ukuthi lezi zihlahlana zisetshenziswe njengomthombo wamandla wama-boilers e-biomass?
Ama-shrublands njengomthombo kaphethiloli
I-Enerbioscrub yiphrojekthi yaseYurophu ethathe izinyathelo zayo zokuqala ngoJuni 2014 futhi iphela manje, ngoDisemba olandelayo, ngemuva kweminyaka emithathu nohhafu yokusebenza. Lesi yisinyathelo lapho abalandelayo behlanganyela khona: isikhungo seCeder esivela eSoria, noma i-Centre for the Development of Renewable Energy (sincike kuCent for Energy, Environmental and Technological Research -Ciemat- soMnyango Wezomnotho); i-Association for the Energy Valorization of Biomass (i-Avebiom); izinkampani iGestamp neBiomasa Forestal; ukubambisana kwe-Agresta kanye noMkhandlu Wedolobha laseFabero (León).
Zonke lezi zinkampani nezikhungo zifuna inhloso yokwazi uma kungenzeka usebenzise ngokunenzuzo indlela yezomnotho nezinzile emahlathini amakhulu ekhona eNhlonhlweni Yase-Iberia njengomthombo kaphethiloli wokukhiqizwa kwamandla we-biomass.
ESpain kunamahektha ayizigidi eziyishumi e-scrubland (umhlaba ongenahlathi elinamahlathi u-18,5% wawo wonke amahlathi). Ngokwe-United Nations, cishe ama-20% endawo yehlathi lomhlaba ihlikihliwe. Lonke leli nani le-biomass elinganikezi ukubaluleka kwemvelo ezinhlelweni zemvelo lingasetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza lolu hlobo lwamandla avuselelekayo.
Izinhloso zephrojekthi
Phakathi kwezinhloso zephrojekthi yokusebenzisa isikhuhla njengomthombo wamandla we-biomass esiwatholayo:
- Bamba iqhaza ekwakheni umnotho wekhabhoni ophansi futhi ukunciphisa ukuncika kumandla okubasa. Lesi yisinyathelo esihle okufanele usithathe lapho ubhekene namandla okushintshela ekuvuseleleni amandla.
- Nciphisa inani lamafutha akhona emahlathini, ukunciphisa amathuba omlilo wehlathi.
- Gqugquzela ukuphathwa kwamahlathi okunenzuzo kwezomnotho ezindaweni eziseceleni, kukhombisa ukuthi kungaba enye indlela evumela ukudala amathuba emisebenzi ezindaweni zasemakhaya.
- Khulisa izinqubomgomo zokuphatha amahlathi ezizinzile futhi wenze uquqaba lwamahlathi asezingeni eliphansi olunenzuzo.
Le phrojekthi izama ukukhombisa ukuthi imishini yokuvuna yokukhuhla ingasetshenziswa. Lo ngumbono oyinhloko wephrojekthi: hlola ukuthi imishini iyakwazi yini ukusula nokuvuna i-biomass ngasikhathi sinye.
Ngale ndlela, ngokwenza izivivinyo eziningana, kungenzeka ukwazi ukuthi kungenzeka yini nokuthi lo msebenzi ungonga kangakanani noma ungabi. Ukuhlolwa kwelabhorathri nokuhlolwa kwendiza nakho kwenziwe ngobuningi obuqoqiwe. Ngokuya ngohlobo lwezihlahla, zibonakaliswa futhi zihlukaniswe ngokuya ngomlotha wazo, amaminerali, ubukhulu, njll. Lapho amahlumela esehlukanisiwe, ayashiswa kuma-boilers, kokubili awezimboni nawasekhaya, ukwazi ukusebenza kahle nokusebenza kwamahlathi njengomthombo wamandla kaphethiloli.
Iziphetho zeprojekthi
Ngemuva kokwenza izivivinyo ezidingekayo zokwazi ukusebenza kanye nezici zephrojekthi, lezi ziphetho zenziwa:
- Imisebenzi yokuhlanza amahlathi ukuthola izihlahla ingakhiqiza izinsiza ze-biomass.
- Uma kwenziwa ngendlela ehlelekile futhi wazi amandla ezinto eziphilayo, ukusula kungenziwa ngendlela esimeme, ngaphandle kokubanga imithelela kuyo yonke imifula nezilwane.
- I-biomass etholakala ezihlahleni inekhwalithi esezingeni eliphakathi nendawo futhi ingasetshenziswa njengomthombo wamandla oncintisana nama-pellets kanye nama-chips ezinkuni.
- Ukuze lokhu kwenziwe, kuyadingeka ukuthi ukuphathwa komphakathi luthathe ngokungathi sína lolu daba.
- Kuyadingeka ukunakekela uquqaba olutholakalayo. Ngakho-ke, kuyadingeka ukwenza ukunakekelwa okuningi kwe-silvopastoral kanye nokuphindaphinda kwabantu. Kuyadingeka ukunakekela uquqaba esinalo ngaphambi kokwenza okusha.