Amafutha ezinto ezimbiwa phansi abe injini yokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe babantu futhi sibonga bona sikwazile ukuba noguquko lwezimboni njengale esibe nayo. Kodwa-ke, ukusetshenziswa kwawo okubanzi nokweqisa kubangela umthelela omkhulu kwezemvelo. Yena umthelela wemvelo wamafutha ezinsalela ibilokhu ikhula amashumi eminyaka futhi ayiyeki ukwanda.
Kulesi sihloko sizokutshela ngomthelela wemvelo wezinsalela ezimbiwa phansi, ukuthi usithinta kanjani thina neplanethi, nokuthi yiziphi izinzuzo zokunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwazo.
Yini
Amafutha ezinsalela ziyizinsiza zemvelo ezakha izigidi zeminyaka ezivela ezintweni eziphilayo eziye zaphuka ngaphansi kokushisa okukhulu nokucindezela. Uwoyela, igesi yemvelo, namalahle yizinhlobo ezintathu ezivame kakhulu zamafutha ezinsalela ezisetshenziswa ukukhiqiza amandla namuhla.
Lawa mafutha angumthombo wamandla onamandla futhi amandla amaningi akhuthaze ukukhula komnotho kanye nenqubekela phambili yezobuchwepheshe iminyaka engaphezu kwekhulu. Lezi zinsiza ziyisisekelo sezimboni eziningi zesimanje nemiphakathi, futhi zibalulekile ukuze abantu bakwazi ukwenza imisebenzi yansuku zonke njengokushayela imoto noma ukuba nogesi.
Imiphumela yokusetshenziswa kwayo
Ukusetshenziswa ngokweqile kwamafutha ezinto ezimbiwa phansi kuye imiphumela engemihle kwezemvelo nempilo yabantu. Ukushiswa kwezinto ezimbiwa phansi kukhiqiza amagesi amaningi abamba ukushisa, njengesikhutha, okuba nengxenye ekufudumaleni kwembulunga yonke nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu. Ukwengeza, ukukhishwa nokuthuthwa kwezibaseli ezimbiwa phansi kungaba nemiphumela engemihle ku-ecosystem, kubangele ukulimala kwezilwane zasolwandle nezasemhlabeni kanye nezitshalo.
Njengoba isintu sifuna ukunciphisa ukuncika kwaso emafutheni ezinto ezimbiwa phansi, kucwaningwa futhi kuthuthukiswe ubuchwepheshe obusha bamafutha. amandla avuselelekayo, njengelanga nomoya, okungalimazi kangako imvelo futhi banganikeza enye indlela eqhubekayo nephephile kumafutha ezinto ezimbiwa phansi. Ukwengeza, izindlela zokonga ugesi ziyakhuthazwa, njengokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kwezokuthutha kanye nokwakhiwa kwezakhiwo ezisebenza kahle, ukuze kwandiswe ukusetshenziswa kwamandla ngendlela enomthwalo wemfanelo nangendlela eqaphelayo.
Umthelela wemvelo wamafutha ezinto ezimbiwa phansi
Ukushiswa kwezinto ezimbiwa phansi kukhipha amagesi amaningi abamba ukushisa, njengesikhutha, i-methane, ne-nitrous oxide, okuyimbangela yokufudumala kwembulunga yonke nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu.
Amafutha ezinsalela futhi kungase kube necala lokungcoliswa komoya namanzi. Lapho izinto zokubasa ezimbiwa phansi zivutha, kuphuma amagesi anobuthi njenge-carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, nama-oxide e-nitrogen, angalimaza impilo yomuntu nendawo ezungezile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuhlola nokukhiqizwa kwezinto ezimbiwa phansi kungangcolisa amanzi angaphansi komhlaba kanye nenhlabathi.
Omunye umthelela omkhulu kwezemvelo wamafutha ezinto ezimbiwa phansi ukucekelwa phansi kwezwe kanye nokulahleka kwezindawo zemvelo. Ukumba ngokuvamile kuhilela ukususwa kwamahlathi amakhulu nezinye imvelo yemvelo, okungaba nomthelela omubi ezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo kanye nokulingana kwemvelo.
Ngaphandle kwale mithelela kwezemvelo, ukuncika emafutheni ezinto ezimbiwa phansi nakho kunemithelela ebalulekile kwezomnotho nezepolitiki. Amazwe amaningi athembele kuwo ukuze athuthukise umnotho wawo, okungaholela ezingxabanweni nasezingxabanweni zamazwe ngamazwe. Ukuntengantenga kwakho kokubili amanani kawoyela namanye kungaba nomthelela omubi emnothweni womhlaba.
Ungawunciphisa kanjani umthelela wemvelo wamafutha ezinsalela
Ukuthola ezinye izindlela zokusebenzisa amafutha ezinto ezimbiwa phansi kubalulekile ngoba kunciphisa yonke imithelela yemvelo ezikhiqizwayo. Ngokunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamafutha, umbuzo wokuthi umhlaba uzophela nini uwoyela ungabekwa eceleni, ngoba lokhu kuyinto ekhathaza kakhulu emhlabeni, futhi njengoba sonke sazi, uma lokhu kuqhubeka, ngeke kube khona izinqolobane zikawoyela. eminyakeni embalwa, ukuze abe makhulu ngokwanele ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zomhlaba.
Kumele kubhekwe ukuthi igesi yemvelo ingcolisa kancane kuzo zonke izinto ezibaswayo. Kodwa-ke, ezinye izinto ezibasela kumafutha ezinto ezimbiwa phansi zingaba:
- i-ethanol yommbila noma ezinye izitshalo, ezikhiqiza amagesi abamba ukushisa ambalwa.
- I-Biodiesel Itholakala emafutheni ezilwane namafutha emifino, ikhiqiza ukungcola okumbalwa kune-petroleum-based biodiesel.
- i-hydrogen, Nakuba ikhiqizwa ngamafutha ezinto ezimbiwa phansi njengamalahle, noma nangamandla kagesi ngamanzi noma enuzi, ayikhiphi izinto ezingcolisayo lapho isetshenziswa ezimotweni.
- Enye inketho ye- ukukhiqizwa kwamandla ukukhetha izinsiza ezivuselelekayo, ngaleyo ndlela sisebenzisa amandla elanga, umoya noma ugesi.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezinye izixazululo ngosuku nosuku lwabantu ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla futhi ngaleyo ndlela kube nesibopho sokuwasebenzisa. Mayelana nokusetshenziswa kwezokuthutha, uma kunesidingo, sebenzisa izithuthi zomphakathi noma amabhayisikili ngangokunokwenzeka.
Izinzuzo zokunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwezinto ezimbiwa phansi
Ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwezinto ezimbiwa phansi kunciphisa ukungcola komoya okuthinta impilo yethu. Inzuzo enkulu iza lapho sinciphisa ukusebenzisa kwethu amalahle, akhiqiza izinhlayiya ezinhle ezilimaza amaphaphu, amagesi e-sulfurous nama-oxide e-nitrogen (NOx), ngisho nangaphansi kwemithetho eqinile yezemvelo. Uphethiloli wemoto uphinde ukhiphe izinhlayiya, ama-hydrocarbon abangela intuthu, nama-oxide e-nitrogen. Igesi yemvelo isha ngokuhlanzeka kakhulu: ayikhiqizi izinhlayiya, isulfure noma i-mercury, kodwa ikhiqiza ama-nitrogen oxides nesikhutha.
Ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwezinto ezimbiwa phansi kunciphisa namagesi abamba ukushisa. Nakuba i-CO2 ngokwayo ingenabo ubuthi, ingenye yezimbangela eziyinhloko zokufudumala kwembulunga yonke kanye inomthelela wayo empilweni yomphakathi. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukucindezeleka kokushisa, iziphepho ezinamandla kakhulu, isomiso esiyingozi nezikhukhula, ukusabalala kwezifo ezithathelwanayo, ngisho nokuntuleka kokudla okunomsoco.
Ngenxa yazo zonke lezi zizathu, i-Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) yamemezela ngo-2009 ukuthi i-carbon dioxide ephuma ekushisweni kwama-hydrocarbons iyingozi empilweni yomuntu, neNkantolo Ephakeme yasisekela leso sinqumo. Imiphumela yokushintsha kwesimo sezulu iye yaqashelwa njengenselele enkulu yezempilo yomphakathi kuleli khulu leminyaka.
Ngithemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi mayelana nomthelela wemvelo wamafutha ezinto ezimbiwa phansi kanye nezixazululo ezingaba khona.