Ukubaluleka komjikelezo wamanzi kwiplanethi

Impela ngesinye isikhathi, kuyo yonke impilo yakho, uchazelwe ukuthi uyini umjikelezo wamanzi. Yonke inqubo elinayo selokhu ingena ngesimo semvula, iqhwa noma isichotho ize iphinde ihwamuke futhi yakhe amafu. Kodwa-ke, ingxenye ngayinye yenqubo onayo lo mjikelezo wamanzi inezakhi nezici ezibalulekile kuzo ukuthuthukiswa kwempilo nokusinda kwezinto eziningi eziphilayo kanye nemvelo yayo.

Ungathanda ukwazi igxathu negxathu ukubaluleka komjikelezo wamanzi emhlabeni?

Uyini umjikelezo wamanzi?

Emhlabeni kunento ekunyakaza okuqhubekayo futhi engaba sezifundeni ezintathu: okuqinile, okuwuketshezi kanye negesi. Imayelana namanzi. Amanzi aqhubeka eshintsha isimo futhi angaphansi kwenqubo eqhubekayo ebilokhu iqhubeka izigidigidi zeminyaka emhlabeni wethu. Ngaphandle komjikelezo wamanzi, impilo njengoba sazi ukuthi ibingenakukhula.

Lo mjikelezo wamanzi awuqali endaweni ethile, okungukuthi, awunasiqalo noma isiphetho, kodwa uhamba ngokuqhubekayo. Ukuyichaza nokwenza kube lula, sizolingisa isiqalo nesiphetho. Umjikelezo wamanzi uqala olwandle. Lapho, amanzi ayahwamuka aye emoyeni, aguquke abe umhwamuko wamanzi. Imisinga yomoya ekhuphukayo ngenxa yokwehluka kwengcindezi, izinga lokushisa kanye nokuminyana kubangela ukuthi umusi wamanzi ufinyelele ezingxenyeni eziphezulu zomkhathi, lapho izinga lokushisa lomoya eliphansi lidala ukuthi amanzi ajiye futhi amafu akhe. Njengoba imimoya yomoya ikhula futhi ishintshana, amafu akhula ngosayizi nobukhulu, zize ziwe njengemvula. 

Ukuzikisa kungenzeka ngezindlela eziningana: amanzi angamanzi, iqhwa noma isichotho. Ingxenye yemvula ewela ngesimo seqhwa iqoqa ukwakha amashidi eqhwa nezinguzunga zeqhwa. Lezi zikwazi ukugcina amanzi afriziwe izigidi zeminyaka. Amanye amanzi awela njengemvula olwandle, olwandle nasemhlabeni. Ngenxa yomphumela wamandla adonsela phansi, lapho ewela phezu komhlaba, kukhiqizwa ukugeleza kwamanzi okwenza imifula nemifudlana. Emifuleni, amanzi abuyiselwa olwandle. Kepha akuwona wonke amanzi awela ebusweni bomhlaba aya emfuleni, kunalokho iningi lawo liyanqwabelana. Ingxenye enkulu yala manzi i amuncwe ukungena futhi ihlala igcinwe njengamanzi angaphansi komhlaba. Okunye kugcinwa kwakhe amachibi neziphethu.

Amanzi angene agxilile amuncwa izimpande zezitshalo ukondla futhi ingxenye yawo idlula ebusweni bamaqabunga, ngakho-ke futhi ibuyela emkhathini.

Ekugcineni, wonke amanzi abuyela olwandle, ngoba lokho okuhwamukayo, ngokunokwenzeka, kubuyela emuva ngesimo semvula olwandle nasolwandle, "kuvala" umjikelezo wamanzi.

Izigaba zomjikelezo wamanzi

Umjikelezo wamanzi unezakhi ezahlukahlukene ezilandelana ngezigaba. I- Ucwaningo lwe-Geological US (USGS) ikhombe izinto eziyi-15 kumjikelezo wamanzi:

• Amanzi agcinwa olwandle
• Ukuhwamuka
• Amanzi emkhathini
• Ukuqina
• Isimanga
• Amanzi agcinwe eqhweni naseqhweni
• Ncibilikisa amanzi
• Ukugijima komhlaba
• Umfudlana wamanzi
• Kugcinwe amanzi ahlanzekile
• Ukungena
• Ukukhishwa kwamanzi angaphansi komhlaba
• Iziphethu
• Umjuluko
• Amanzi angaphansi komhlaba agciniwe
• Ukusatshalaliswa kwamanzi emhlabeni jikelele

Amanzi agcinwa ezilwandle nasolwandle

Yize kucatshangwa ukuthi ulwandle lusenqubweni eqhubekayo yokuhwamuka, inani lamanzi eligcinwa olwandle lingaphezulu kakhulu kwalokho okuhwamukayo. Kunamanzi ayi-1.386.000.000 cubic wamanzi agciniwe olwandle, lawo ama-cubic kilometres angama-48.000.000 kuphela zihamba ngokuqhubekayo ngomjikelezo wamanzi. Izilwandle zinomthwalo wemfanelo Ama-90% wokuhwamuka komhlaba.

Izilwandle ziyahamba njalo ngenxa yamandla omkhathi. Ngalesi sizathu, kunemisinga edume kakhulu emhlabeni efana neGulf Stream. Ngenxa yale misinga, amanzi asuka olwandle athuthelwa kuzo zonke izindawo emhlabeni.

Ukuhwamuka

Kukhulunyiwe ngaphambili ukuthi amanzi aguquka ngokuqhubekayo kwesimo: umhwamuko, uketshezi nokuqina. Ukuhwamuka kwenqubo inqubo lapho amanzi eguqula isimo sawo sisuke ketshezi siye kugesi. Ngenxa yawo, amanzi atholakala emifuleni, emachibini nasezilwandle afaka umkhathi osesimweni somphunga futhi, lapho egodla, enza amafu.

Impela ucabange ukuthi kungani amanzi ayahwamuka uma engabile. Lokhu kwenzeka ngoba amandla asemvelweni ngendlela yokushisa uyakwazi ukudiliza izibopho ezigcina ama-molecule amanzi ehlangene. Lapho lezi zibopho zigqashukile, amanzi aguquka esuka esimweni soketshezi aye kwigesi. Ngakho-ke, lapho izinga lokushisa likhuphuka lafika ku-100 ° C, amanzi ayabila futhi kulula kakhulu futhi kusheshe kushintshe kusuka kuketshezi kuye kuggesi.

Kubhalansi wamanzi esewonke, kungashiwo ukuthi inani lamanzi elihwamukayo, ligcina liphinde lehle futhi ngesimo semvula. Lokhu noma kunjalo kuyahluka ngokwendawo. Ngaphezulu kwezilwandle, ukuhwamuka kuvame kakhulu kunezulu; ngenkathi phezu kwezulu lomhlaba kudlula ukuhwamuka. Cishe i-10% lamanzi kuphela ukuthi umphunga ovela olwandle uwela eMhlabeni ngesimo semvula.

Amanzi agcinwe emkhathini

Amanzi angagcinwa emkhathini ngesimo somphunga, umswakama, nokwakha amafu. Awekho amanzi amaningi agcinwe emkhathini, kepha kuyindlela esheshayo yokuthi amanzi ahanjiswe futhi ahanjiswe emhlabeni jikelele. Kuhlala kukhona amanzi emkhathini noma ngabe awekho amafu. Amanzi agcinwe emkhathini yi amakhilomitha ayi-12.900 cubic.

Ukuqina

Le ngxenye yomjikelezo wamanzi kulapho isuka khona isuka ibe yigesi iye esimweni soketshezi. Lesi sigaba Kubalulekile ukuthi amafu akheke lokho, kamuva, kuzonikeza imvula. I-condensation ibuye ibhekele izinto ezifana nenkungu, ukukhuphula amafasitela, inani lomswakama wosuku, amaconsi akha nxazonke zengilazi, njll.

Ama-molecule wamanzi ahlangana nezinhlayiya ezincane zothuli, usawoti, nentuthu ukwakha amaconsi amafu, akhula futhi akhe amafu. Lapho amaconsi emafu ehlangana akhula ngosayizi, akha amafu nemvula kungenzeka.

Isimanga

Imvula ukuwa kwamanzi, womabili ewuketshezi futhi eqinile. Iningi lamaconsi amanzi akha ifu ungajahi, ngoba benziwa amandla emisinga yomoya ephezulu. Ukuze imvula yenzeke, amaconsi kufanele aqale ahlangane futhi ahlangane, kwakheke amaconsi amakhulu amanzi anzima ngokwanele ukuba awe futhi anqobe ukumelana okwenziwa umoya. Ukuze wakhe ithonsi lemvula udinga amaconsi amaningi wefu.

Amanzi agcinwe eqhweni nasezinguzungeni zeqhwa

Amanzi awela ezifundeni lapho izinga lokushisa lihlala lingaphansi kuka-0 ° C, amanzi agcinwa enza izinguzunga zeqhwa, izinkundla zeqhwa noma izinkambu zeqhwa. Lo mthamo wamanzi usesimweni esiqinile ugcinwa isikhathi eside. Iningi leqhwa eMhlabeni, cishe i-90% itholakala e-Antarcticangenkathi i-10% esele iseGreenland.

Thaw amanzi

Amanzi abangelwa ukuncibilika kwezinguzunga zeqhwa nezindawo zeqhwa neqhwa agelezela ezigabeni zamanzi njengamanzi agelezayo. Emhlabeni wonke, ukugeleza kwamanzi okukhiqizwa amanzi ancibilikayo kunomthelela obalulekile emjikelezweni wamanzi.

Iningi lalawa meltwater kwenzeka entwasahlobo, lapho amazinga okushisa enyuka.

Ukugijima komhlaba

Ukugijima komhlaba kubangelwa amanzi emvula futhi kuvamise ukuholelwa emseleni wamanzi. Iningi lamanzi emifuleni livela emanzini angaphezulu. Lapho lina, ingxenye yalawo manzi imunzwa ngumhlabathi, kodwa lapho igcwala noma ingenakuncipha, iqala ukugijimela phansi, ilandele ukwehla komthambeka.

Inani lokugeleza komhlaba lihluka ngo maqondana nesikhathi nendawo. Kunezindawo lapho imvula iningi futhi inamandla futhi iholela ekugijimeni okunamandla.

Umfudlana wamanzi

Amanzi ahamba ngokuqhubekayo njengoba kungaba semfuleni. Imifula ibalulekile kubantu nakwezinye izinto eziphilayo. Imifula isetshenziselwa ukuhlinzeka ngamanzi okuphuza, ukuchelela, ukukhiqiza ugesi, ukuqeda imfucuza, ukuthutha imikhiqizo, ukuthola ukudla, njll. Zonke ezinye izidalwa eziphilayo badinga amanzi omfula njengendawo yokuhlala yemvelo.

Imifula isiza ukugcina imifula egcwele amanzi, njengoba ihambisa amanzi kuyo ngemibhede yayo. Futhi, izilwandle zigcinwa ngamanzi, njengoba imifula nokugeleza kuhlale kungenisa amanzi kuwo.

Ukugcina amanzi okusha

Amanzi atholakala ebusweni bomhlaba agcinwa ngezindlela ezimbili: ebusweni njengamachibi noma amadamu noma ngaphansi komhlaba njengamanzi. Le ngxenye yokugcina amanzi ibaluleke kakhulu empilweni eMhlabeni. Amanzi angaphezulu afaka imifudlana, amachibi, amachibi, amadamu (amachibi enziwe ngabantu), namaxhaphozi anamanzi ahlanzekile.

Inani lamanzi emifuleni nasemachibini lilokhu liguquka njalo ngenxa yokungena nokuphuma kohlelo emanzini. Amanzi angena ngemvula, ukugeleza, amanzi ahamba ngokungena, ukuhwamuka ...

Ukungena

Ukungena kungukuhamba phansi kwamanzi okusuka ebusweni bomhlaba kuya enhlabathini noma emadwaleni angena ngaphakathi. La manzi agobhozayo avela emvuleni. Amanye amanzi angena ngaphakathi, ahlala ezingxenyeni ezingaphezulu kakhulu zomhlabathi futhi angaphinda angene emfuleni wamanzi ngoba ungena kuwo. Enye ingxenye yamanzi ingangena ngokujulile, ngaleyo ndlela kuvuselele kabusha amanzi angaphansi komhlaba.

Ukukhishwa kwamanzi angaphansi komhlaba

Kungukuhamba kwamanzi kuphume emhlabathini. Ezimweni eziningi, umsele oyinhloko wamanzi emifula uvela emanzini angaphansi komhlaba.

Iziphethu

Iziphethu yizindawo lapho amanzi angaphansi komhlaba ekhishelwa khona ngaphezulu. Kuvela intwasahlobo lapho i-aquifer igcwalisa ize ifike lapho amanzi agcwala khona ebusweni bomhlaba. Iziphethu ziyahluka ngosayizi, kusukela emithonjeni emincane egeleza kuphela ngemuva kwezimvula ezinkulu, kuya emachibini amakhulu lapho igeleza khona amalitha ayisigidi amanzi nsuku zonke.

Umjuluko

Kuyinqubo lapho umusi wamanzi uphuma khona ezitshalweni ngobuso bamaqabunga bese ungena emkhathini. Kushiwo kanjena, ukujuluka inani lamanzi elihwamuka emaqabungeni ezitshalo. Kulinganiselwa ukuthi emhlabeni U-10% womswakama womkhathi Kuvela ngomjuluko wezitshalo.

Le nqubo, inikezwe ukuthi amancane kanjani amaconsi amanzi asephelile, ayibonwa.

Amanzi angaphansi komhlaba agciniwe

La manzi yiwona asele izigidi zeminyaka futhi ayingxenye yomjikelezo wamanzi. Amanzi asemanzini ahlala enyakaza, yize kuhamba kancane. Ama-Aquifers ayizinqolobane ezinkulu zamanzi eMhlabeni futhi abantu abaningi emhlabeni jikelele bancike emanzini angaphansi komhlaba.

Ngazo zonke izigaba ezichaziwe, ungaba nombono obanzi futhi obanzi ngokwengeziwe womjikelezo wamanzi nokubaluleka kwawo emhlabeni wonke.