Imihlaba engajwayelekile

umhlaba ongajwayelekile

Lapho sihlaziya izakhi zethebula lezikhathi, eziningi zazo zihlala ngezansi futhi zaziwa ngegama le- umhlaba ongajwayelekile. Kutholakala ezansi kwetafula lezikhathi zezinto futhi ngaphandle kwazo impilo yethu ibingeke ifane njengoba sazi. Ngenxa yale mihlaba engajwayelekile, amadivayisi amaningi anobuchwepheshe obunjengamaselula, amakhompyutha, njll. Angenziwa.

Ngakho-ke, sizonikezela le ndatshana ukukutshela konke odinga ukukwazi ngomhlaba ongajwayelekile kanye nezici zawo.

Yimaphi amazwe angavamile

izici zomhlaba ezingavamile

Njengoba sishilo, lezi yizinsimbi ezingajwayelekile njengoba negama lisho, kepha kunzima ukuzikhipha. Futhi kunjalo ngokuvamile unganqwabeli kumaminerali. Uma sihlanganisa lokhu kushoda kwezinsimbi kanye nokufunwa kwezicelo zobuchwepheshe obuphezulu, kunezinkinga ezahlukahlukene zezomnotho nezepolitiki ezenza umhlaba ongajwayelekile uthakazelise kakhulu.

Kuluhlu lwezakhi zamakhemikhali ezitholakala koqweqwe lomhlaba futhi ezibalulekile kubuchwepheshe obuningi esinabo namuhla. Isibonelo, ingxenye enkulu ye-elektroniki yabathengi, amakhompyutha namanethiwekhi, ezokuxhumana, amandla ahlanzekile, ukunakekelwa kwezempilo, ukunciphisa imvelo, ezokuvikela izwe, ezokuhamba phambili, phakathi kokunye zisebenzisa umhlaba ongavamile.

Futhi badume kakhulu ngenxa yamandla ayo kazibuthe, ama-luminescent ne-electrochemical. Lezi yizakhiwo ezihlukile futhi zonke lezi zinto zisiza ubuchwepheshe obuningi ukuthi busebenze hhayi nje ngokuyimpumelelo kodwa futhi nangesisindo esinciphile. Futhi singanciphisa ukukhishwa nokusetshenziswa kwamandla. Ngale ndlela, sifika kubuchwepheshe bamanje ngokusebenza kahle okukhulu, ukusebenza, isivinini, ukuqina nokuqina kokushisa. Imikhiqizo equkethe ubuchwepheshe obungandile bomhlaba isiza ukushayela ukukhula komnotho emhlabeni wonke ngenkathi igcina amazinga aphezulu okuphila futhi isindisa nezimpilo.

Izici eziyinhloko

lanthanides

Ake sibheke umhlaba ongajwayelekile kanye nezici zawo Siyazi ukuthi ngobuningi kuqweqwe lomhlaba abavamile kakhulu. Noma kunjalo, izakhiwo zalo ezihlukile kungenxa yesakhiwo sayo se-athomu. Banokucushwa kwama-electron okwenza bahluke kwezinye izinto kuthebula lesikhathi. Ngenkathi yonke imihlaba engajwayelekile yabelana ngezinye zezinto ezibalulekile, eminye icaciswe kakhulu ngezinto ezithile. Ngenxa yokufana kwamakhemikhali, avela eceleni kwamaminerali namatshe futhi kunzima ukuhlukana komunye nomunye. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuhlangana kwamakhemikhali.

Imihlaba engajwayelekile Zibe yisibonga esidume kakhulu kunani elikhulu lezinto ezisebenzisekayo ezinikezwa zona ngenxa yamakhemikhali azo. Aqondene nezinto ezithile, ngakho-ke inselelo yokukwazi ukuwahlukanisa kumele inqotshwe.

Kunezinhlobo eziningana zomhlaba ongavamile ngokusho kwamakhemikhali awo, ngaphandle kwesakhiwo sawo se-athomu. Usayizi futhi isici sokuhlukanisa. Usayizi we-athomu wama-lanthanides wehla ngenani elikhulayo le-athomu. Lokhu kubangela ukuthi imihlaba engajwayelekile ekhanya yehlukaniswe nomhlaba onqabile osindayo. Futhi ukuthi womabili akhiqizwa ngamaminerali ahlukene.

Isibonelo, uma sisho i-lutetium, siyabona ukuthi ingashintshwa kalula ngezinye izinto kumaminerali lapho amasayithi atholakalayo mancane. Izingxube zomhlaba ezingavamile ngokuvamile ziyindida futhi zizinzile kakhulu. Phakathi kwama-oxide sithola okunye okuzinzile kakhulu. Ama-lanthanides amaningi anesimo esilinganayo.

Ukuhlukaniswa komhlaba okungajwayelekile

umthelela kwezemvelo

Ake sibone ukuthi iziphi izigaba ezahlukanisiwe lapho umhlaba ongajwayelekile wehlukaniswe khona. Owokuqala ama-lanthanoid ahlukaniswa njengomhlaba ongakhanyi ongajwayelekile. Ake sibone ukuthi ziyini:

  • i-lanthanum
  • cerium
  • praseodymium
  • neodymium
  • promocio
  • samarium

Ngakolunye uhlangothi sinemihlaba esindayo engajwayelekile okulandelayo:

  • i-europium
  • gadolinium
  • umabhebhana
  • i-dysprosium
  • holmium
  • erbium
  • thulium
  • umabhebhana
  • lutetium

Okuwukuphela kwento engatholakali kulolu hlu ngokwemvelo yi-promethium. Siyazi ukuthi wonke ama-isotop awo akhishwa ngemisebe, ngakho-ke angakhiwa kuphela kuma-reactors enuzi. Ayikwazi ukutholakala ngokwemvelo emhlabeni.

Yini ama-lanthanides

Impela lapho usufunde itafula lezikhathi elikunikeze ilukuluku lokwazi ngama-lanthanides. Ingabe mayelana izakhi ezivame kakhulu kuqweqwe lomhlaba futhi zivame ukuba nzima kakhulu ukuzikhipha. Akunzima kuphela ukukhipha, kepha ngamanani asebenzisekayo. Imvamisa iyacwebezela futhi imvamisa isiliva ngombala. Lapho nje bevezwe umoya-mpilo, baningi lalombala wesiliva. Zibonakala ngokusebenza kakhulu futhi, yize zingaqhumisi, zingashesha ukuthukuthela okubenza babe sengozini yokungcola kwezinye izinto.

Sabemos que akuwona wonke ama-lanthanides akhuphuka ngesilinganiso esifanayo. Isibonelo, i-lutetium ne-gadolinium zingachayeka emoyeni isikhathi eside ngaphandle kokubala. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, sinezinye izinto ze-lanthanide ezifana ne-lanthanum, neodymium ne-europium esebenza kahle kakhulu futhi kufanele igcinwe ku-oyela wamaminerali ukugwema ukungqubuzana.

Wonke amalungu eqembu le-lanthanide anokuthungwa okubushelelezi ngokweqile. Eziningi zazo zingasikwa kalula ngommese futhi azidingi amathuluzi anzima ukwelapha. Izinto ezithathwa njengomhlaba ongavamile azibhekwa ngale ndlela ngoba kunzima ukuzithola. Zivele zibhekwe kanjalo kusukela lapho kunzima ukukhipha ngobuningi obanele kwifomu elimsulwa ukuze bakwazi ukwanelisa izidingo zomkhakha ngamunye. Ngaphandle kokukwazi ukuba semananini adingekayo ukukhiqiza imikhiqizo yezobuchwepheshe, ngeke kusize ngalutho.

La mazwe anengozi yangempela yemakethe yokuba ngumkhiqizo ovelele. Siyazi ukuthi iChina inenani elikhulu kakhulu lezinqolobane zomhlaba ezingavamile futhi iyalisebenzisa. Zihlobene kakhulu noqweqwe lomhlaba, kepha ukutholakala okungajwayelekile noma okungajwayelekile kunamanye amaminerali amaningi. Lokhu kwenza ukukhishwa kwakho kubaluleke kakhulu. Ukufunwa komhlaba wonke komhlaba ongajwayelekile kulindeleke ukuthi kukhuphuke ngenxa yokusetshenziswa ezimotweni, kubathengi be-elekthronikhi, ekukhanyeni okonga ugesi, nasezivuseleleni.

Ngiyethemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi ngomhlaba ongajwayelekile kanye nezici zawo.


Yiba ngowokuqala ukuphawula

Shiya umbono wakho

Ikheli lakho le ngeke ishicilelwe. Ezidingekayo ibhalwe nge *

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  1. Ubhekele imininingwane: Miguel Ángel Gatón
  2. Inhloso yedatha: Lawula Ugaxekile, ukuphathwa kwamazwana.
  3. Ukusemthethweni: Imvume yakho
  4. Ukuxhumana kwemininingwane: Imininingwane ngeke idluliselwe kubantu besithathu ngaphandle kwesibopho esisemthethweni.
  5. Isitoreji sedatha: Idatabase ebanjwe yi-Occentus Networks (EU)
  6. Amalungelo: Nganoma yisiphi isikhathi ungakhawulela, uthole futhi ususe imininingwane yakho.