I-Nuclear (22,6%), umoya (19,2%) kanye ukushisa kwamalahle (17,4%) baphethe ama-3 aphezulu kubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza ugesi ngo-2017.
Isomiso esikhulu (ezinamachibi angama-38% wezinga lawo eliphezulu) kunikeza ukuzalwa kabusha ku amalahle. Imvula ephansi inciphise umnikelo wokuphehla ugesi kuhlelo lukagesi lwaba ngu-7,3% wengqikithi.
Ngenxa yalokhu, isidingo kufanele sikhokhelwe ngamalahle negesi (okunikele ngama-31,1%, cishe ingxenye yesithathu yesidingo).
Ngeshwa, lokho kusho ukwanda kokukhishwa kwegesi ebamba ukushisa.
Enye into ukuvuselelwa - amandla kagesi afakiwe angakhuphuki ngonyaka odlule - amele ama-33,7% womkhiqizo kagesi (kwakungu-40,8% ngo-2016).
Ukuhlanganiswa kwamandla ngo-2017 bekuzinzile impela, kusekelwa ngamandla enuzi nawomoya. Lezi zamuva zihlala emazingeni afanayo nango-2016 (19,2%). "Amandla omoya ayashintshashintsha ngokwendawo nangamaqembu esikhathi, kepha uma kubalwa minyaka yonke ukwehluka kuphansi", kugqamisa uFernando Ferrando, umongameli weFundación Renovables.
Ngeshwa, ukwehla kwe- ukukhiqizwa wokubacindezela ibeke lo mkhakha endaweni yesithupha (isukile ku-14,6% yaya ku-7,3%).
Lokhu kwehla kumbozwe ngamalahle (kukhuphuke kusuka ku-14,3% kuya ku-17,4% wesidingo) futhi, ku isilinganiso esincane, igesi.
Ayikho inqubekela phambili eyenziwa ekuguqulweni okuzayo
UPedro Linares, uprofesa kaSihlalo Wezamandla Nokusimama ePontifical University of Comillas uthi, ukuguqulwa kwamandla kunika izimpawu zokuvimbela. "Uma ukutholakala kwamanzi agciniwe kuncishisiwe, isisetshenziswa esingenakulawula phezu kwaso, futhi enye indlela etholakalayo ngamalahle negesi, umphumela uba isisindo esikhulu samandla ezimbiwa kanye nokukhishwa okungaphezulu kwegesi",
Uprofesa wengeza izinzuzo zepaki enkulu yokubacindezela, ngoba "uma kukhona unyaka omuhle, ukuxubana kukagesi kuhlanzekile kakhulu." Ngaphezu kwalokho, le yinsika esemqoka yokuqinisa noma ukuxhasa imithombo evuselelekayo. Kodwa-ke, ukuncika ngokweqile emanzini emvula kubanga ukuba sengozini kohlelo, ngoba ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu ingenza iziqephu zokukhiqizwa okuphansi kwe-hydraulic ziphindaphindwe.
Ukuguquka kwesikhathi esizayo
Ngakho-ke, esimweni lapho imithombo yamanzi ikhula futhi yehla, uLinares ukholelwa ukuthi “kufanele siqale ukucabanga ukuthi sizoyifaka kanjani indawo yamandla asetshenziswayo ngamandla avuselelekayo, okokuqala kufakwa amalahle futhi, kamuva, igesi, okuthile okudingekayo ukufeza ngokugcwele ukuhlukaniswa kwamakhemikhali wohlelo lukagesi ”. Okubalulekile kuzoba ukunquma izinga lokushintshwa kwalezi zinto zokubasa ezimbiwa phansi.
Ochwepheshe bacela ukuvuselelwa okwengeziwe ukuze banganciki emanzini emvula.
Iziphathimandla kanye nochwepheshe babona kunesidingo sokuthi kunqandwe umgwaqo ukuze kufinyelelwe ekushintsheni kwamandla kube yimodeli eqhubekayo. “Awukwazi ukushintsha imodeli kusuka osukwini olulodwa kuya kolulandelayo; kepha uma kukhona intando yezepolitiki, kungenzeka noma yini.
Inkinga ukuthi kukhona ama-oligopolies kanye nezintshisekelo eziningi ezisengozini.
Ochwepheshe abaningi bakholelwa ukuthi: “Impikiswano yokuthi, njengoba lingani, akukho okunye abangakwenza ngaphandle kokubheka amalahle nokuthi, ngakho-ke, ugesi ubiza kakhulu ayemukeleki. Asikwazi ukunikela ngokuthile ayiguquki, njengomuntu ohlupheka athule ”.
Emazweni amaningana, njengeDenmark, iJalimane, iNetherlands namanye ... abakayeki ukufaka imali ekuvuseleleni uhlelo lwabo lukagesi, okusho ukuthi “ukulahla izinto zokubasa kanye nenuzi, bese kunikezwa uhlelo olususelwa kokuvuselelekayo ”.
"Kuningi izinzuzo yentuthuko yezobuchwepheshe esuselwa kokuvuselelekayo futhi, ngaphezu kwalokho, emazweni ibika ukuphakama emkhakheni wezomnotho ”.
Izindali ezinkulu ze-Carbonless
UHulumeni usuvele usungule uhlelo lokwandisa ukutholakala kwemithombo evuselelekayo, ngohlelo lwendali eselukwazile ukunikezela ngamamegawathi amasha angama-8.737 wamandla avuselelekayo, ukufeza lowo-20% wamandla ivuseleleke ngo-2020, njengoba kumakwe yisivumelwano saseParis.
Amanani echibi
Njengamanje, amanani entengo akhiqiza cishe ama-euro angama-53 ngehora ngalinye le-megawatt (MWh), kepha uma sibheka emhlabeni wonke, amandla angatholakala vele amanani aphansi kakhulu, Ngokwesibonelo, ama-euro ayi-17 nge-MWh etholwe endalini yamahhala ebibanjwe emavikini ambalwa edlule eMexico.
Kodwa ngokusho kochwepheshe abaningana “Kuncane inqubekelaphambili eseyenziwe endleleni yokuthola ukuxubana kwamandla avuselelekayo ayi-100%; kokubili umoya namandla elanga bakhubazekile, futhi azikho izinhlelo zokwenza ngaphandle kwamalahle nenuzi "