indaba kanye ukuziphendukela kwebhayisikili Bekushubile eminyakeni edlule. Kudlule izinguquko eziningi kanye nentuthuko ukuze kube yilokho esikwaziyo namuhla. Nakuba kungase kubonakale kuwukusungula okulula, akunjalo. Ngemva kwezinguqulo eziningi zebhayisikili, besilokhu sakha izingxenye ezisebenza kahle kakhulu kuze kube yilapho sinebhayisikili lamanje.
Kulesi sihloko sizokutshela konke okudingeka ukwazi mayelana nokuvela kwebhayisikili, yiziphi izinhlobo ezahlukene eziye zaba khona nokuthi zishintshe kanjani eminyakeni edlule.
Umsuka webhayisikili
Kusukela kudala kuze kube manje, kunobufakazi bokuthi umuntu uye wasebenzisa umqondo wamasondo amabili axhunyiwe kanye nenduku amakhulu eminyaka njengendlela yokunyakaza engqondweni yakhe. Kungenzeka ukuthi ngesikhathi saseGibhithe lasendulo kwakucatshangelwa umshini ofana nebhayisikili. Eqinisweni, i-hieroglyph eku-Luxor Obelisk manje eseParis Square inikezelwe ku-Ramses II futhi ikhombisa indoda ehamba ngamasondo amabili cishe ngo-1300 BC kubha evundlile.
Enye iMpumalanga Ephakathi, abaseBhabhiloni, bahlanganisa idivayisi efana nebhayisikili komunye wemihlobiso yabo ye-bas-relief. Kubonakala sengathi amaRoma nawo aye acabanga ngalokhu, njengoba kubonakala emifanekisweni eqoshiwe etholakala emanxiweni asePompeii. Ungabona ezinye ihluzo ezifana ne-Luxor Obelisk.
Kuleli sonto lokuvuselelwa kabusha eBuckinghamshire, eNgilandi, kunomdwebo wengelosi encane ebonakala igibele uhlobo oluyinqaba lwebhayisikili; kusukela ngo-1580.
Futhi emdwebeni kaLeonardo da Vinci eminyakeni engamakhulu amane edlule, kuyamangaza ukubona ubuciko obufana kakhulu nebhayisikili.
Nakuba icala elichazweyo lingase lenzeke ngengozi, uma kucatshangelwa ukuthi abantu sebeneminyaka engu-5.000 XNUMX besebenzisa amasondo, iqiniso liwukuthi kwaze kwaba sekupheleni kwekhulu le-XNUMX, akekho owayecabanga ukuhlanganisa amasondo amabili nokuhlala phezu kwenduku ewahlanganisayo. Ake sibheke umsuka webhayisikili.
Ngo-1645, umFulentshi ogama lakhe linguJean Théson wathwebula iHulk, ayibiza ngokuthi "celeriferous", ehamba iqonde emigwaqweni yaseFontainebleau. Kungashiwo ukuthi kakade kwakuyisithuthuthu, nakuba sasingafani neze nesikuqondayo namuhla. Uhambo lwakhe lufushane ngoba alukho uhlelo lokumkhombandlela oseludaliwe ukumqondisa. Ngo-1790, i-Count de Sivrac igibele i-contraption enamasondo emigwaqweni yaseParis isuka egqumeni, ekuhlekeni kwezibukeli kanye nehlazo lezicukuthwane.
Kamuva, amaFrench M. Blanchard kanye noM. Masurier bakhe imoto incazelo yayo yavela ku-Paris Review ngo-1799 ngaphansi kwegama elithi vélocipèdes noma izinyawo ezilula. INkosi uLouis XVI kanye noMarie Antoinette bangaleso sikhathi bawuthanda lo mbono kangangokuthi baxhasa lo mklamo futhi bakhuthaza abagqugquzeli bawo.
UBlanchard noMasuriel, ochwepheshe bemishini nezazi zefiziksi, basebenzise imibono yekhulu leminyaka edlule kaJacques Ozanam, isazi sezibalo esihlakaniphile odokotela bakhe basikisela ukwakha ibhayisekili elinamasondo amathathu elaziwa ngesikhathi sakhe njengomakhenikha, isondo langemuva lalishayelwa ubakaki owawukwazi ukuphenduka njengesigayo. .umoya. Noma kunjalo, mhlawumbe lawo mabhodwe ahlanyayo angekhulunyaka le-XNUMX awakufanele ukubizwa ngamabhayisikili ngoba ayekade enamasondo angaphezu kwamabili.
owasungula ibhayisikili
Uma uzibuza ukuthi nini futhi ubani owasungula ibhayisikili? Uyazi, amabhayisikili okuqala avela ngekhulu le-XNUMX. Ngo-1818, u-Baron Carl von Drais von Sauerbronn wasungula i-treadmill futhi wayigunyaza ngaphansi kwegama elithi vélocipède. Abantu baduma ngaphansi kwegama le-draisiana.
Ngenxa yelukuluku, igama eligcwele le-baron ngu-Karl Wilhelm Ludwig Friedrich von Drais von Sauerbronn. Yilokho-ke, kuyilapho i-Draisian inesiteringi esijikelezayo, empeleni akusona isibambo. Ukukhwabanisa okudabukisayo kukaCarl von Drais, okugqugquzelwe ukusungulwa kwe-Count of Sivrac, kwaqhutshwa ngonyawo, futhi njengoba uchungechunge lokudlulisela lwalungakasungulwa, ukubonakala kwalo emigwaqweni yaseParis phakathi nekhulu leshumi nesishiyagalolunye kwabangela ilukuluku kanye nenhloso ethile. inani lokunakwa kanye namahlazo.
Akuwona wonke umuntu onesibindi sokugibela ibhayisikili kanje, kodwa isisebenzi saseParis okuthiwa u-J. Lallement saba nesibindi sokugibela i-Hulk emigwaqweni yaseParis ngenxa yokuthi umgibeli webhayisikili wokuqala emlandweni wabanjwa yilabo abangazange behle emotweni yakhe entsha. Wangabaza ukumjikijela ngamatshe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kamuva amaphoyisa ambopha ngehlazo emphakathini.
Nokho, imoto endala kaVon Drais yayinesimiso sokuqondisa esibizwa ngokuthi i-laufmascine, noma i-treadmill. Ngemuva kweminyaka emibili, uDennis Johnson wayeseLondon ekhiqizela i-Playboys yedolobha. Umsebenzisi wayo oyinhloko yiRegent, ehamba ngegama elithi Playboy Horse noma Hobby Horse. Kodwa-ke, ukusungulwa akuphelele.
ukuziphendukela kwebhayisikili
Njengoba sishilo ekuqaleni, ibhayisikili alikayeki ukuthuthuka noma ukuguquka kusukela lasungulwa, kuze kube yilapho lifinyelela indlela esilazi ngayo namuhla. Sifunda ngabo ngokuningiliziwe:
Ngo 1839, U-Scot Kirkpatrick Macmillan ukhiqize ibhayisikili lokuqala eliqondisayo. Ngokokuqala ngqá kungenzeka ukugibela ibhayisikili ngaphandle kokuba izinyawo zomgibeli webhayisikili zilisunduze ngokuqondile, kodwa ngokusebenzisa amaphedali; izibambo bezilokhu zikhona kusukela ngo-1817.
Lelo bhayisikili alijwayelekile ngoba linamasondo okhuni amabili nerimu lensimbi. Isondo elikhulu lingama-intshi angamashumi amathathu ububanzi kanti elinye amayintshi angamashumi amane. Ngo-1861, umkhandi wensimbi ongumFulentshi uPierre Michaux wacabanga ukwengeza amaphedali esondweni langaphambili leDraisian. Waziwa njengomunye wamavulandlela okugibela ibhayisikili, kodwa futhi, uPhilip Moritx noma uGalloux banokufaneleka kwabo.
Ukusungulwa kukaMichaux kwabizwa ngokuthi "Michaulina" futhi kwangena ekukhiqizeni ngobuningi, okwenza kwaduma kakhulu eFrance. Ama-pedals asesondo langaphambili elakhiwe ngokhuni, kanti izintambo zensimbi zixhumene nomhlabathi. Leli bhayisikili liphelele. Eyokuqala ukuba ne-chain drive yenziwa nguJames Slater ngo-1864; eminyakeni eyisithupha kamuva, uJames Staley wanikeza izikhulumi zamasondo. Ngo-1874, u-Staley wasungula ibhayisikili labesifazane.
Ukuvela kwebhayisikili yesimanje
U-Kemp ungubaba wemboni yamabhayisikili, ngo-1885 wakha ibhayisikili i-Rover, okuyinto yayishesha, ikhululekile, iphathwa kalula, futhi ingcono kakhulu kunoMalume wakhe uJames. Kakade kuyibhayisikili lesimanje, elinamasondo amabili anosayizi ofanayo, iketango negiya drive, amaphedali, ama-crank, ifreyimu yedayimane kanye nemfoloko ye-diagonal drive eqondile.
Ngokusungulwa kwesondo le-pneumatic ngo-1888, ibhayisikili lizoba igatsha elinamandla lemboni yezemidlalo futhi linikeze umkhiqizo ophephile, nokukhuphuka kwalo kwaholela ekutheni ibhayisikili limenyezelwe njengomdlalo wama-Olympic eMidlalweni Yama-Olympic yokuqala yesimanje ngo-1896.
Ucwaningo oluningi selungene endleleni yokuthuthukisa nokuthuthukisa amabhayisikili. Indlela ephumelela kakhulu eyaziwayo ukuguqula umzamo womuntu ube amandla. Iningi lezinguquko libonakala lingelutho futhi ngokuvamile lizuzisa uhlobo oluthile lwebhayisikili, njengokushaqeka kwebhayisikili lezintaba noma izibambo zomjaho.
Mncane umzamo owenziwe wokuklama kabusha amabhayisikili nganoma iyiphi indlela enengqondo. Omunye umzamo onjalo kwakuyi-"Moulton Bicycle," eyayingenawo amasondo amancane kuphela (ukunciphisa ukudonsa), kodwa futhi yahlela kabusha indlela i-chassis esebenza ngayo.
Ibhayisikili eligoqayo lika-Harry Bickerton kwakuwumzamo wokwenza ibhayisikili elingagoqwa futhi liphathwe kalula ngezibambo. Kukhona namabhayisikili WO 97/29008, "isikebhe esine-pedal-powered sailboat", kanye ne-US 5342074, ibhayisikili labantu ababili elinohlaka olunamathiselwe.
Omunye umbono omusha cishe wahlehlela emuva ku-1901 ngelungelo lobunikazi lase-US 690733 ka-Harold Jarvis (ibhayisikili lokuhamba ngebhayisikili), owazama ukuklama kabusha wonke umqondo ngokubeka umgibeli endaweni elele esikhundleni sokuhlala aqonde. Lezi zinhlobo zibonakala kakhulu emigwaqeni.
Ibhayisikili eliyi-recumbent lasungulwa ngu-Richard Forrestal, u-Wilmington, no-David Gordon Wilson be-Fomac Inc e-Wilmington, Massachusetts, USA. ilungelo lobunikazi liyakwazi ukulungisa isihlalo eduze noma kude ukusuka kumaphedali ukuze kuhlaliswe abantu abanobude obuhlukene.
Ilungelo lobunikazi linikeza izizathu eziningi zokuthi kungani lo mklamo uphakeme kunebhayisikili elijwayelekile. Ikakhulukazi ukunethezeka komgibeli, ukusekela emuva ekugibeleni okude nokuphepha. Isikhungo esiphansi samandla adonsela phansi kanye nesimo somgibeli sisho ukuthi umgibeli angakwazi ukubhuleka kalula kunoma yiluphi uhlobo lokushayisana; mancane amathuba okuthi uxoshwe; ungabambelela kangcono ngezinyawo zakho, okuzothwala kanzima ngokushayisana, hhayi ikhanda noma umzimba wakho.
Futhi, njengoba amaphedali emade futhi mancane amathuba okuthi aklwe phansi, kulula ukujikajika aqine futhi (okumangalisayo ngokwanele) kube lula kubashayeli bamabhayisikili ukuthi baxhumane nabashayeli bezimoto.
Azikho izivinini eziphakeme ezifunwe. Mhlawumbe i-drawback enkulu ukubukeka kwayo okungajwayelekile kanye nengozi yokuhamba ibheke phansi. Kunezinhlobo ezintathu zamabhayisikili e-recumbent:
- Ibhayisikili Le-Long Wheelbase Recumbent
- Ibhayisikili Elimfushane Le-Recumbent
- Amabhayisikili ayi-recumbent anamaphedali ngaphambili kwesondo langaphambili esikhundleni sangemuva.
Ngithemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi mayelana nemvelaphi kanye nokuvela kwebhayisikili phakathi neminyaka.