Ukuhlangabezana nezinhloso zeSivumelwano SaseParis nokunciphisa ukukhishwa kwegesi engcolisa umoya, ukubheja ngamandla avuselelekayo yinto enhle kakhulu ongayenza. Iya ekushintsheni kwamandla okusiza ukunciphisa ukukhishwa nokuvimbela amazinga okushisa omhlaba ekukhuphukeni ngaphezu kwama-1,5 degrees.
Ukukhishwa kwe-Global CO2 okuhlobene nomkhakha futhi amandla angancishiswa ngama-70% ngo-2050 futhi aze anyamalale ngo-2060, uma wonke amazwe omhlaba etshala imali kumandla avuselelekayo nokusebenza kahle kwamandla. Ingabe lokhu kungadala imithelela emibi kwezomnotho?
Ukukhishwa kwehliswa ngenxa yokuvuselelwa kabusha
Izinzuzo zokutshala imali kokuvuselelekayo zingaba nkulu kunalezo ezinikezwa ngophethiloli. Eqinisweni, lezi zinzuzo, Ngaphezu kokukwazi ukwenza ngcono izimo zokuphila zeplanethi ngokunciphisa ukungcola, bazokwengeza cishe u-0,8% kwi-GDP yomhlaba ngo-2050. Lokhu kubonakala embikweni okhishwe yi-International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA).
Kubizwa umbiko ka-IRENA "Izindlela Zokuguqulwa Kwamandla: izidingo zokutshalwa kwezimali zokuguqulwa kwamandla kagesi aphansi" futhi kukhombisa, ngaphezu kwakho konke, ukuthi ukuthunyelwa okukhulu nokuthuthukiswa kwamandla avuselelekayo nokusebenza kahle kwamandla kuwo wonke amazwe e-G20 nasezingeni lomhlaba jikelele, kunganciphisa ukukhishwa kwegesi ekhipha ukushisa, futhi ngaleyo ndlela bakwazi ukuhlangabezana nezinhloso zesivumelwano saseParis sokulwa nokuguquka kwesimo sezulu.
“Isivumelwano saseParis sikhombisa ukuzimisela komhlaba wonke okwakungakaze kubonwe ukubhekana nesimo sezulu. Kumele kubhekwe kakhulu ekuhlukanisweni kwamandla kagesi emhlabeni jikelele, njengoba kubanga cishe izingxenye ezimbili kwezintathu zokukhishwa kwegesi ekhipha ukushisa, "kusho uMqondisi Jikelele we-IRENA u-Adnan Z. Amin.
Namuhla, cishe kuwo wonke umhlaba, izitshalo ezintsha zakhiwa ngokuya ngamandla avuselelekayo azokhiqiza ugesi ngezindleko eziphansi kunalezo ezisebenza ngophethiloli. Uma ithuthukiswe kwezobuchwepheshe futhi itshalwe ku-R & D Ungasebenza kahle futhi uthole inzuzo eningi Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukunqanyulwa kwezimboni emhlabeni jikelele kungasekela ukukhula komnotho okusimeme futhi kudale nemisebenzi eminingi ephathelene namandla avuselelekayo.
Ukuvuselelwa kuzokwengeza iGDP yomhlaba
Ubuchwepheshe obenzelwe umhlaba ovuselelekayo buyanda nsuku zonke, ngendlela yokuthi singasho ukuthi sisesimweni esihle sokuguqula uhlelo lwethu lwamandla. Impumelelo yokuthi konke lokhu kuhamba kahle futhi iyasebenza, Kuzoncika ekutshalweni kwemali nasekuvikelekeni osebenza ngakho kule ndawo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, futhi kuya ngejubane lezenzo, ngoba uma sithatha isikhathi eside ukuqhubekela phambili ekushintsheni kwamandla kususelwa ku-decarbonisation, izindleko zizokhula, ngoba imiphumela yokuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu izokwanda kakhulu.
Ekwakhiweni kwezinto ezivuselelekayo kudingeka utshalomali lokuqala futhi lubalulekile. Kulinganiselwa ukuthi ngo-2050 kudingeka ukutshalwa kwemali engama-dollar ayizigidi ezingama-29.000. Lokhu kumelela kuphela ingxenye encane ye-GDP yomhlaba (plus noma minus 0,4%).
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuhlaziywa kwe-macroeconomic ye-IRENA kusikisela ukuthi ukutshalwa kwezimali okunjalo kudala isikhuthazo sokuthi, kanye nezinye izinqubomgomo zokukhula, kube nezinzuzo ezinkulu:
• Izothuthukisa iGDP yomhlaba ngo-0,8% ngo-2050.
• Izokwakha imisebenzi emisha emkhakheni wegezi ovuselelekayo kanye nokusebenza kahle kwamandla kagesi, okuzobuyisa ngaphezu kokulahleka kwemisebenzi embonini kaphethiloli.
• Izothuthukisa inhlalonhle yabantu ngokusebenzisa izinzuzo ezinkulu ezengeziwe zemvelo nezempilo, ngenxa yokuncipha komoya ongcolile.
Sikusheshisa kanjani ukuguqulwa kwamandla?
Ngo-2015, kukhishwe ama-gigatoni (Gt) angama-32 e-CO2 ahlobene namandla. Umbiko uphawula ukuthi ukukhishwa kuzodingeka liwele ngokuqhubekayo ku-9,5 Gt ngo-2050 ukunciphisa ukufudumala kungabi ngaphezu kwamadigri amabili ngaphezu kwamazinga okushisa angaphambi kwezimboni.
Ukufeza lokhu kwehla kokukhishwa kwegesi ekhipha ukushisa, kufanele sitshale futhi sandise amandla avuselelekayo (ikakhulukazi umoya nelanga) futhi sithuthukise ukusebenza kahle kwamandla.